Buffers are generally characterised by pH range by which they maintain a more or less constant pH by their buffer capacity.
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According to Hund’s rule:
Before the double occupation of any orbital, every orbital in the sub level is singly occupied. -
Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons present in a single atom will have an identical set or will have the same quantum numbers
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Enantiomers are a pair of molecules that exist in two forms that are mirror images of one another but cannot be superimposed one upon the other
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water that contains a required quantity of dissolved minerals (like calcium and magnesium) ,Water hardness is usually measured as calcium hardness in milligrams per litre (mg/l)
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The Aufbau principle highlights the way in which the electrons are filled in the atomic orbitals of an atom in its ground state
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Toposheets is a topographic map is a two dimensional representation of a three dimensional land surface.
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Plane table surveying is a graphical method of surveying in which the field work and plotting are carried out simultaneously.
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There are different types of value such as scrap value, book value, monopoly, assessed value and more each with its own parameters and meaning