Civil

Ventilation is defined as the process by which stale air inside an enclosure is replaced by fresh air from outside.

There are mainly three types of surveys which are as follows: Reconnaissance survey, Detailed survey, Preliminary survey etc.

Evaporation: In this process due to solar radiation, during the day time the water in the liquid form is transformed into gaseous form.

Seismic waves are the waves which are formed by sudden breaking of rock within the earth. There are two types of waves: Body and Surface waves.

The principle of under-reamed pile foundations is the anchoring of the superstructure at a depth where the volume changes of soil are negligible.

In Reaction turbine, Pressure energy is first converted into kinetic energy before supplied to runner. It works on impulse reaction principle.

Piers are single unit supports carrying heavy loads and transferring them to deep-seated layers of soil or rock.They are of three types.

A cofferdam is a temporary structure designed to keep water and soil out of the excavation in which a bridge pier or other structure is built.

“Caissons” means box. Such box can be prefabricated on shore and then floated to the desired site, and is allowed to seat on prepared base.