Civil

Settlement is the vertical downward movement of the loaded base. As a result of this the original depth of soil mass decreases.

A trap is bent or depressed sanitary fitting which remains full of water. It is used prevent the passage of foul air or gases through it.

Admixture are the materials used in the cement to modify one or more of its properties in the plastic or hardened state of concrete.

Folds when crustal rocks are subjected to stress over a period of time, they compress and form folds.

Shrinkage is the decrease in volume of concrete in the absence of load with time. In the plastic stage concrete shrinks in volume due to absorption of water or loss of water.

Canal lining is the impervious layer which protects the bed and sides of the canal. Lining is generally a construction of a thin 2.5 to 15 cm thick layer of lining material, generally RCC or CC bricks, stones etc.

Ventilation is defined as the process by which stale air inside an enclosure is replaced by fresh air from outside.

There are mainly three types of surveys which are as follows: Reconnaissance survey, Detailed survey, Preliminary survey etc.

Evaporation: In this process due to solar radiation, during the day time the water in the liquid form is transformed into gaseous form.