Civil

Cross Drainage work is constructed for crossing canal water safely over or under the drainage water.It should be avoided if possible.

Rivers are part of the surface water which flows from their source region to their mouth. The importance of river depend on length, width etc.

Weir is a crest wall constructed across a river to divert raise water of river into canal. Crest wall across a river raises the water.

Spillway is the passage provided for disposal of surplus flood water on the downstream side without affecting stability of water.

Arch dam is seen curved in plan with its convexity to the upstream side. It transfers the pressure towards the abutments by arch action.

Piezometer is a instrument which measures the pore water pressure in a soil medium. It can be installed within structure of dam.

The load carrying capacity of river ganga is reduced so the load is deposited on the bed of the river to make it shallow.

Disaster management is natural or manmade hazard which results in events causing damage on large scale destruction of human life .

Precipitation: The water in the form of a pond or lake or the groundwater is derived from the precipitation.