Geographical Information System (GIS) is computer software which gives information of any discipline. A Geographic information system is not one thing, nor a single analysis but rather a collection of hardware, software, data organization and professionals that together help people to represent and to analyze geographic data.
Objectives:
- Allowing quick updating of data of low efforts and cost.
- Supporting research activities which involve spatial data.
- Eliminating redundant databases and minimizing duplication.
- Answering the query by presenting the information in a format required by the user.
Advantages:
- GIS is used to improve organizational integration and is used to make better decisions.
- GIS is used for making maps.
- GIS is used for every organization of the defense industry in many nations around the world.
- GIS provides the analytical capabilities that form the hub of a successful precision agriculture system.
- GIS is used in libraries and museums, in education, in conservation of water and wastewater, in transportation, in universities, in mining and many institutions and organizations.
Components:
There are five components
- Geographic data
- Method or procedure
- Hardware
- Software
- People
Functions:
- Data input: Manual digitizing, Scanning, Automatic checking and correction for digitizing error.
- Data manipulation: Data revision, Thinning and weeding digital line work.
- Data analysis: Point, line and polygon overlay analysis, Spatial data queries.
- Data presentation: Automatic dimensioning, Display and plot of digital terrain models.
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