7.1 Environmental Engineering Sustainability | unit 7 environmental engineering sustainability

ICE

Unit - 7

Environmental Engineering & Sustainability

7.1 Environmental Engineering & Sustainability:

Sustainability speeches the ability of societies to maintain and improve quality of life while preserving both the quality and availability of its natural resources.

As the world’s population increases, engineers face ever-embryonic challenges with regard to subjects of sustainability and the health of our natural environment.

The EESS research group pursues to meet the growing challenges of environmental stewardship and sustainability, and focuses on:

1) Environmental sensing

2) Green design and construction

3) Industrial ecology

4) Life cycle assessment

5) Remediation risk assessment

6) Sustainable engineering

7) Climate change

8) Examples of Environmental Sustainability

9) Sustainable Agriculture.

10) Sustainable forestry.

11) Sustainable construction.

12) Waste management.

13) Sustainable Water management.

14) Renewable energy resources.

15) Biofuel.

Environmental sustainability is defined as responsible interaction with the environment to avoid the degradation of natural resources and let for long-term environmental quality.

Environmental sustainability doesn't unkind living without luxuries but rather aware of your resource consumption and reducing unnecessary waste.

Reduce household energy use.

1) Eat locally.

2) Dispose of disposables.

3) Plant seeds.

4) Recycle.

5) Resell and donate items.

6) Drink from the tap.

7) Save water.

Key Factors for Achieving Sustainable Manufacturing.

1) Optimize your current use of fossil fuels.

2) Eliminate waste. Another no-brainer.

3) Reduce, or eliminate, pollution.

4) Recycle.

5) Save Time.

Sustainable economic growth through promoting jobs and stronger economies.

While beginning the effects of climate change, pollution, and other environmental influences that can harm and do harm people's health, livelihoods, and lives.

Unrestrained development can also result in damage to the environment in terms of the statement of toxic substances and hazardous waste.

7.2 Water treatment systems:

Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it more satisfactory for a specific end-use.

The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water regeneration, or many other uses, including being safely refunded to the environment.

Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for it wanted end-use.

This treatment is vital to human health and allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use.

The following section talks about the standard processes of water treatment.

1) Coagulation / Flocculation:

Coagulation is an additional liquid alum and/or polymer to raw or untreated water.

The resulting mixture reasons the dirt particles in the water to coagulate or stick together. Then, the groups of dirt particles attach, starting larger particles baptized flocs that can easily be removed via filtration or settling.

2) Sedimentation:

When water and flocs experience the treatment process, they go into sedimentation basins.

Here, water moves slowly, making the heavy floc particles settle to the bottom.

Floc that amasses on the bottom is known as sludge. This is carried on to drying lagoons.

Direct Filtration does not comprise the sedimentation step and the floc are removed by filtration.

3) Filtration:

In filtration, water passes finished a filter, which is made to take away particles from the water.

Such filters are collected from gravel and sand or sometimes crushed anthracite.

Filtration gathers composed impurities that float on water and boosts the effectiveness of disinfection.

Filters are regularly gutted by means of backwashing.

4) Disinfection:

Before water goes into the distribution system, it is sterile to get rid of disease-causing bacteria, parasites, and viruses.

Chlorine is also applied subsequently it is very effective.

Solids that gathered and removed from water via sedimentation and filtration are moved to drying lagoons.

5) Fluoridation:

Fluoridation treats water provisions of communities to adjust the concentration of free fluoride ions to an optimal level so that dental cavities can be reduced.

It is required for Hunter Water to perform water fluoridation to imitate to the NSW Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies Act 1957.

6) PH Correction:

To adjust pH levels, lime is combined with filtered water.

This, also, steadies naturally soft water so corrosion can be minimized in the water distribution system and plumbing of customers.

7.3 Effluent treatment systems:

Conservative effluent treatment systems are typically based on a series of water treatment amenities in which all the wastewater collected from water-using operations are combined and treated as a single effluent stream.

This centralized method treats wastewater collectively in sequence.

For example, the combined effluent is first preserved by a primary treatment unit, which is then distributed by a secondary treatment unit.

Biological procedures may be taken further after the secondary units.

The design of such centralized treatment facilities is mostly focused on the sizing of units and the design of individual treatment units.

With a centralized treatment scheme, the subsequent wastewater stream is likely to be diluted and have a large volumetric flowrate leading to high operating costs and wealth investment, because individual wastewater generated from water by means of operations are all mixed up before existence fed to the effluent treatment system.

A different approach is taken in order to fully take advantage of the high concentration and low volume of wastewater in the design of treatment systems, by deliberately splitting.

Also, a large heavy force for effluent treatment is favored relative broad of the removal of contaminants from wastewater, compared to operations with a small driving force.

Therefore, dilution finished mixing carefully considered, as a result of the difficulty in separation.

Effluent Treatment Plant or ETP is of wastewater treatment method which is designed to purify industrial wastewater for its reuse and its aim is to save water to the environment from the harmful effect caused by the effluent.

Four Effective Processes to Treat Wastewater

1) Physical Water Treatment.

2) Biological Water Treatment.

3) Chemical Water Treatment.

4) Sludge Treatment.

Effluent standards are concentrations of pollutants spoken of parts per million for wastewater discharged of outfall pipes from publicly sewage treatment plants or industrial plants.

7.4 Solid waste management:

As long as people are living in settlements and residential areas, garbage or solid waste has issues.

Waste management is all around how solid waste can be changed and used as a valuable resource.

Solid waste management should be comprised of each and every household including business owners across the world.

The industrialization has accepted a lot of good things and bad things as well.

One of the negative effects of industrialization is the formation of solid waste.

According to Britannica is defined as the “Solid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is castoff as it has served its purpose or is no longer useful

Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and conditions in try pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects

This waste is homes, offices, industries, and various other agricultural connected activities.

These landfill sites foul smell if waste is not stored and treated properly.

It can pollute the air and can seriously affect the health of humans, wildlife, and our environment.

The following are major sources of solid waste:

1) Residential

2) Industrial

3) Commercial

4) Institutional

5) Construction and Demolition Areas

6) Municipal services

7) Treatment Plants and Sites

8) Agriculture

9) Biomedical

The following are some of the recognized methods:

1) Sanitary Landfill

2) Incineration

3) Recovery and Recycling

4) Composting

5) Pyrolysis

Effects of Poor Solid Waste Management

Due to improper waste disposal systems chiefly by municipal waste management teams, wastes heap up and become a problem.

People clean their homes and places of work and litter their surroundings which touches the environment and the community.

This type of dumping of waste materials forces biodegradable materials to rot and decay under improper, unhygienic, and uncontrolled conditions.

After a few days of decomposition, a foul smell is shaped and it becomes a breeding ground for different types of disease-causing insects as well as infectious organisms.

On top of that, it also plunders the aesthetic value of the area.

7.5 Sustainability in Construction:

The goalmouths of sustainable construction are to reduce the industry’s impact on the environment.

Sustainable construction methods include:

1) Using renewable and recyclable resources;

2) Reducing energy consumption and waste;

3) Creating a healthy, environmentally-friendly environment;

4) Protecting the natural environment.

From energy custom to emissions, the construction industry has a huge impact on the environment.

Sidewise from the potential for building over wild habitats, the construction industry's energy use is high.

The heavy machinery used in construction still leans heavily on fossil fuels, and even inefficient electricity use result in the pointless burning of fossil fuels further down the energy supply line.

In fact, the construction industry accounts for an incredible 36% of worldwide energy usage, and 40% of CO2 emissions.

The fabrication and shipping of materials can have a great influence on carbon emissions. Mining for raw materials can consequence in the pollution of local water tables.

The manufacture of concrete has resulted in over 2.8bn tonnes of CO2, a figure which is only successful to keep increasing as 4bn tonnes of concrete is poured every year.

Construction can also result in hazardous waste, and the improper disposal of such waste can result in pollution that traces not just the environment, but also the health of people living in the area.

Green building materials like bamboo, recycled plastic are all replacements for using concrete and are four sustainable construction materials that can use on the next project.

Six principles of sustainable development.

1) Conservation of ecosystem.

2) Development of a sustainable society.

3) Conservation of biodiversity.

4) Control of population growth.

5) Development of human resources.

6) Promotion of public participation.

Advantages of practicing sustainability:

1) Improved make image and competitive advantage.

2) Increase productivity and reduce costs.

3) Increase business capability to comply with the regulation.

4) Appeal employees and investors.

5) Reduce waste.

6) Make shareholders happy

References:

1. Patil, B.S. (1974), Legal Aspects of Building and Engineering Contract

2. The National Building Code, BIS, (2017)

3. RERA Act, (2017)

4. Meena Rao (2006), Fundamental concepts in Law of Contract, 3rd Edn. Professional Offset

5. Chandiramani, Neelima (2000), The Law of Contract: An Outline, 2nd Edn. Avinash Publications Mumbai

6. Avtarsingh (2002), Law of Contract, Eastern Book Co.

7. Dutt (1994), Indian Contract Act, Eastern Law House

8. Anson W.R. (1979), Law of Contract, Oxford University Press

9. Kwatra G.K. (2005), The Arbitration & Conciliation of Law in India with case law on UNCITRAL Model Law on Arbitration, Indian Council of Arbitration

10. Avtarsingh (2005), Law of Arbitration and Conciliation, Eastern Book Co.

11. Wadhera (2004), Intellectual Property Rights, Universal Law Publishing Co.

12. P. S. Narayan (2000), Intellectual Property Rights, Gogia Law Agency

13. T. Ramappa (2010), Intellectual Property Rights Law in India, Asia Law House

14. Bare text (2005), Right to Information Act

15. O.P. Malhotra, Law of Industrial Disputes, N.M. Tripathi Publishers

16. K.M. Desai (1946), The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act

17. Rustamji R.F., Introduction to the Law of Industrial Disputes, Asia Publishing House 18. Vee, Charles & Skitmore, Martin (2003) Professional Ethics in the Construction Industry, Engineering Construction and Architectural Management, Vol.10, Iss. 2, pp 117-127, MCB UP Ltd

18. American Society of Civil Engineers (2011) ASCE Code of Ethics – Principles Study and Application

19. Ethics in Engineering- M.W.Martin& R.Schinzinger, McGraw-Hill

20. Engineering Ethics, National Institute for Engineering Ethics, USA

21. www.ieindia.org

22. Engineering ethics: concepts and cases – C. E. Harris, M.S. Pritchard, M.J.Rabins

23. Resisting Bureaucratic Corruption: Alacrity Housing Chennai (Teaching Case Study) -S. Ramakrishna Velamuri -CEIBS

24. CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS, http://www.jnormanstark.com/contract.htm

25. Internet and Business Handbook, Chap 4, CONTRACTS LAW, http://www.laderapress.com/laderapress/contractslaw1.html

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