Back to Study material
FACC 1

UNIT IV

Introduction to Goods and Services Tax laws and Accounting

 


Preface

The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a very important step in the field of indirect tax reform in India. In the pre-GST system, there were many indirect taxes. Central and service taxes were levied by the central government, and VAT and immigration taxes were levied by the state government. In addition, there was a tax cascading effect,

That is, taxes on taxes at various stages because the tax credits imposed by one government were not available for the payment of taxes imposed by the other government.

The GST is a major reform of indirect taxes in India, and India has not seen such a thing after independence. GST simplifies indirect taxes, reduces complexity and eliminates cascading effects. It will have a big impact on big and small businesses and will change the functioning of the economy.

GST is a comprehensive indirect tax that includes all central and state taxes, transforming a country into a single market with a single unified VAT. Key central and state taxes are included in the GST, reducing tax diversity and reducing compliance costs. GST will phase out the burden of CST.

According to the statement of purpose and reason attached to the constitutional amendment bill, the purpose of GST is as follows:

a) Have a common domestic market.

b) Avoid chained effects of taxes.

From the consumer's point of view, the biggest advantage is the reduction of the overall tax burden on the goods, which is currently estimated to be around 25% to 30%. With the introduction of GST, Indian products will become competitive in the domestic and international markets. Studies show that this will have a significant impact on economic growth. Last but not least, this tax is easier to manage because of its transparency and self-management.

Expanding the history page, the idea of   the Indian national GST was first discussed by the Kelker Commission in 2004. The Commission recommended the National GST. The first announcement on the introduction of GST was made in a budget speech on April 28, 2006 by then-Minister of Finance P. Chidambaram. The proposed target date for introducing a national GST was April 1, 2010. The State Finance Minister's Delegation Commission (EC), which developed the design of the state VAT, was asked to devise a roadmap and structure for the GST. A joint working group of staff, including state representatives and centres, was established to investigate various aspects of the GST and to produce reports on exemptions and thresholds, taxation of services, and taxation of interstate supplies. it was done. The EC released its first discussion paper (FDP) on GST in November 2009, based on discussions with the central government. This elaborated on the characteristics of the proposed GST and laid the foundation for discussions between the centre and the central government. The state so far.

 The Constitution of India has been amended since September 16, 2016 to prepare for the introduction of GST. This amendment to the Constitution ensures that both the centre and the state have the simultaneous authority to impose and collect GST on both goods and services.

 

Related acts passed by Congress and the state

The GST deployment date will be determined on July 1, 2017. The following is a GST-based law passed on April 12, 2017 and with the consent of the President.

(1) 2017 Central Goods and Services Tax Act (CGST),

(2) Goods and Services Tax Integration Act 2017 (IGST),

(3) 2017 Union Territory Goods and Services Tax Act (UTGST),

(4) Goods and Services Tax (State Compensation) Act, 2017 (Suspension of Compensation).

Twenty-eight states, excluding Jammu and Kashmir, the Union Territory with Delhi and Pondicherry, and the remaining five Union Territories, by June 30, 2017, in their respective states' Goods and Services Tax Act (SGST) and UTGST Act. Was passed. Jammu and Kashmir passed the SGST Act on July 5, 2017. All laws will come into effect on 1 July 2017.

The CGST and IGST laws apply throughout India except Jammu and Kashmir.

 

What are the Goods and Services Tax?

The new Article 366 (2A) of the Constitution of India defines the Goods and Services Tax (GST) as meaning the tax on the supply of goods and / or services, excluding the tax on the supply of alcoholic beverages consumed by humans. I will.

Note that the word "supply" is used instead of "sale." Therefore, free supplies are often subject to GST.

For example, GST is paid for a free supply to stakeholders. GST will not be paid for free gifts or free samples to unrelated persons, but the input tax credit for such items must be revoked.

Interstate stock transfers and branch transfers are also subject to GST. That is, IGST is paid on it.

For stock transfers and branch transfers within the state, CGST and SGST will only be paid if the taxable person has multiple GST registrations.

For a single registration in the state, delivery Sharan is sufficient and no GST payment is required.

In addition, GST will not be paid if the goods are sent for work outside the factory. The new Section 366 (26A) defines services to mean something other than goods.

GST is a consumption tax based on the principle of value added tax.

 GST is a consumption tax. That is, taxes are paid in the state where the goods service or both are ultimately consumed. Exports are not taxable as they are consumed outside India. Imports are taxable as they are consumed in India.

GST is based on a VAT system that allows input tax credits for taxes paid on inputs, input services and capital goods to pay taxes on product supplies.

Therefore, the state in which the goods are supplied does not receive taxes because the goods are consumed in another state.

 

Dual GST

India has adopted the "Concurrent Dual GST" model. The need for dual GST models is based on the following assumptions:

  1. Under the existing framework, according to the Constitution, both levels of government, the center and the state, have the simultaneous authority to tax domestic goods and services.
  2. Simultaneous dual GST models are double taxed by the center and state at the same time, but are independent.
  3. Both the center and the state operate on a common foundation. In other words, the basis for taxation and imposition of customs duty / duty is the same.

In the concurrent dual GST model, taxes are levied on each place of supply of goods and services. For supplies under state or federal territory –

(A) Central GST (CGST) is paid to the central government

(B) State GST (SGST) or Union Territory GST (UTGST) is paid to the state government or Union Territory administrator (if applicable).

CGST and SGST also apply to Union Territories with Parliament, namely Delhi and Pondicherry.

The area up to 12 nautical miles inside the sea is part of the nearest state or Union territory, so SGST or UTGST will be paid.

GST tax rate

 GST tax rates (CGST + SGST / UTGST)-None, 5%, 12%, 18%, 28%. These charges also apply to IGST. The CGST and SGST rates are expected to be the same. IGST is expected to be equal to twice the CGST rate. Therefore, if CGST and SGST are the same, the IGST rate will be equal to SGST plus CGST.

Example: -Rajesh, a Maharashtra dealer, has sold a product of worthy to Anand, Maharashtra. 10,000. The GST rate is 18%, which consists of a CGST rate of 9% and an SGST rate of 9%. In this case, the dealer collects 1800, 900 to the central government and 900 to the Maharashtra state government.

Again, if Rajesh sells a product of worthy to a dealer in Delhi. 10,000. Because this is an interstate highway, dealers impose a tax rate of 18% on IGST, the amount collected in 1800 is sent to the central government, and later between the union and the state based on the recommendations of the GST Council. Will be distributed at.

There is a special rate of 0.25% for rough diamonds and 3% for gold, silver, jewellery, platinum, imitation jewellery, pearls, diamonds and synthetic stones.

In addition, GST compensation tax is levied on aerated water, cigarettes, tobacco and tobacco products, coal, peat, lignite, and automobiles.

 

Benefits of GST:

(A) Made in India:

(I) We will support the construction of a unified and common domestic market in India and support foreign investment and “Make in India” campaigns.

(II) Input tax credits are available across goods and services at all stages of supply, thus preventing tax chains.

(III) Harmonization of laws, procedures and tax rates.

(IV) It promotes export and manufacturing activities, creates more jobs and therefore increases GDP with paid jobs that lead to substantial economic growth.

(V) Ultimately, it will help eradicate poverty by creating more jobs and more financial resources.

(VI) More efficient neutralization of taxes, especially on exports. This will make our products more competitive in the international market and boost India's exports.

(VII) Improve the country's overall investment environment, which naturally benefits the state's development.

(VIII) The average tax burden of a company may be reduced, prices are expected to fall, and a drop in prices means an increase in consumption, which means an increase in production, which helps the growth of the industry. I will. This gives India a "manufacturing hub".

(B) Ease of business:

(I) A simpler tax system with less exemptions.

(II) Reducing the tax diversity that currently manages the indirect tax system brings simplification and unity.

(III) Reduction of compliance costs-Since it is not necessary to keep multiple records for various taxes, the investment of resources and personnel to maintain the records is reduced.

(IV) Simplified and automated procedures for various processes such as registration, returns, refunds and tax payments.

(V) All interactions take place through a common GSTN portal, reducing the public interface between taxpayers and tax authorities.

(VI) All returns are submitted online and credits are verified online, improving the compliance environment and increasing the paper trail of transactions.

(VII) Taxpayer registration, tax refunds, unified tax filing formats, common tax standards, and common procedures for a common system of classification of goods and services provide greater certainty to the tax system.

(VIII) A timeline provided for important activities such as registration acquisition, refunds, etc.

(IX) Electronic collation of temporary tax credits across India enhances process transparency and accountability.

(C) To the government:

(I) Expansion of tax base

(II) Improving compliance and revenue collection

(III) Efficient use of resources

(IV) Consumer investment from savings: -Mitigating the chain of taxes has contributed to increasing the availability of funds from consumer savings that may be used to finance development activities. I will.

(D) Trade

(i) Reduction of tax diversity

(ii) Cascade / double taxation mitigation

(iii) More efficient tax neutralization, especially for exports

(iv)Common domestic market or common economic market

(v) Simpler tax system with lower tax rates and exemptions

(vi) Improving the cost competitiveness of domestic industries by reducing tax costs and compliance costs.

(E) To consumers

(I) Reducing the cost of goods and services by eliminating the chain of taxes

(II) Increase in purchasing power and real income

(III) Increased savings through cost reduction

(IV) Increased investment due to increased savings

However, GST is not good news for all sectors. Under the current system, many products are exempt from tax. GST proposes to have a minimal exemption list. Currently, fewer items are taxed higher, but with GST, almost all items are taxed lower.

  1. GST does not apply to human-consumed liquor. Therefore, alcohol charges do not get the benefits of GST.
  2. Stamp duty does not fall under the GST system and will continue to be levied by the state.

 

What all taxes are subsumed under GST?

GST replaces the following taxes currently collected and collected by the Centre.

a) Central excise tax

b) Excise tax obligation (preparation of medicines and toilets)

c) Additional tariffs on excise (especially important goods)

d) Additional tariffs on excise (textiles and textile products)

e) Additional tariffs (commonly known as CVD)

f) Special additional tariffs (SAD)

g) Service tax

h) As far as the supply of goods and services is concerned, the central surcharges and taxes are the state taxes included in the GST:

a) State VAT

b) Central sales tax

c) Luxury tax

d) Immigration tax (all forms)

e) Entertainment and amusement tax (except when collected by local government)

f) Taxes on advertising

g) Purchase tax

h) Taxes on lotteries, bets and gambling

i) State surcharges and fees as long as they relate to the supply of goods and services

The GST Council shall make federal and state recommendations regarding taxes, taxes, and surcharges imposed by centres, states, and local bodies that may be included in GST.

 

Key takeaways:

  1. Prior to the introduction of the Generation Skip Transfer Tax in 1976, wealthy individuals could legally give money and bequeath their grandchildren without paying the federal estate tax.
  2. The new law has effectively closed the loophole that inheritance may skip generations in order to avoid double real estate taxation.
  3. Generational Skip Transfer (GST) is the transfer of money or property as a gift or inheritance to a person two or more generations below the donor.
  4. Those who skip were often grandchildren, but they may be members of the family's non-spouse, as they are at least 37.5 years younger than the transferor.
  5. Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a tax on goods and services sold domestically for consumption.
  6. Taxes are included in the final price, paid by the consumer at the time of sale and passed to the government by the seller.
  7. GST is a common tax used in most countries of the world.
  8. GST is usually taxed as a single tax rate nationwide.
  9. The GST Council shall make federal and state recommendations regarding taxes, taxes, and surcharges imposed by centers, states, and local bodies that may be included in GST.
  10. In addition, GST compensation tax is levied on aerated water, cigarettes, tobacco and tobacco products, coal, peat, lignite, and automobiles.

 


The government collects CGST, SGST, or IGST, depending on whether the transaction is within or between states. Both CGST and SGST are collected when goods and services are supplied within the state, called state transactions. On the other hand, if the supply of goods or services occurs between states, called interstate transactions, IGST is collected. Please note that GST is a destination-based tax and is received in the states where the goods are consumed, but not in the states where such goods are manufactured. Unlike before, where there were multiple taxes such as Central Excise, Service Tax, and State VAT, GST has only one tax.

What is the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST)?

Under GST, CGST is a tax levied on the state supply of both goods and services by the central government and is subject to CGST law. SGST is also levied on the same state supply, but is controlled by the state government.

This means that both the central and state governments agree to combine their levies with the appropriate ratios for the distribution of income between them. However, Section 8 of the GST Act clearly states that all goods and / or services in the state are taxed, but the tax rate must not exceed 14% each.

What is the State Goods and Services Tax (SGST)?

Under GST, SGST is a tax levied on the state's supply of goods and services by the state government and is subject to SGST law. As explained above, CGST is also imposed on the same state supply, but is controlled by the central government.

Note: Tax obligations acquired under SGST can only be offset against SGST or IGST temporary tax credits.

Examples of CGST and SGST:

Suppose Rajesh is a Maharashtra dealer and sells Rupee-equivalent merchandise to Anand, Maharashtra. 10,000. The GST rate is 18%, which consists of a CGST rate of 9% and an SGST rate of 9%. In such cases, the dealer collects Rs. 1800 rupees 900 go to the central government and Rs. 900 goes to the Maharashtra state government.

What are the Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST)?

Under GST, IGST is a tax levied on the supply of all goods and / or services between states and is subject to IGST law. IGST applies to the supply of goods and / or services for both imports to and exports from India.

Note: In IGST

Exports will be rated zero.

Taxes are shared between the central and state governments.

IGST example:

Think of Maharashtra businessman Rajesh selling Rs-equivalent goods from Gujarat to Anand. 1,00,000. The GST rate is 18% and it is composed of 18% IGST. In such cases, the dealer must charge Rs. 18,000 as IGST. This IGST goes to the centre.

IGST for interstate transactions

  1. For the interstate supply of goods and services, there is an integrated GST (IGST) imposed by the Government of India.
  2. Equivalent IGST is imposed on imports
  3. The IGST rate is equal to CGST plus the SGST rate.
  4. IGST prices are the same across India and do not vary from state to state.
  5. Income from IGST will be distributed between the federal and state states by Congress based on the recommendations of the Goods and Services Tax Council.
  6. In areas between 12 and 200 nautical miles, IGST is paid.

Items not covered under GST 

 

Sl.

No.

Items

Remarks

1.

Alcoholic Liquor for human consumption

Article 366(12A) of the Constitution of India provides that taxes on the supply of alcoholic liquor for human consumption are outside the

purview of the Goods and Service Tax Act

2

Petroleum Products viz, petroleum crude, high spirit diesel, motor spirit(commonly known as petrol),natural gas and aviation

turbine fuel

GST to be levied from such date as may be notified by the Government on the recommendations of the GST Council (Section 9(2) of the CGST Act). Till then Central excise

duty will continue on petroleum products.

3

Electricity

As per Entry 53 in List II(State list) of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India,

taxes on consumption and sale of electricity are under the ambit of the States.


 

Why was it split into SGST, CGST and IGST?

India is a federal state and both centres and states are authorized to collect and collect taxes. Both governments have a clear responsibility to carry out because of the need to raise tax revenues in accordance with the Constitution.

The centre and state collect GST at the same time.

Three types of tax systems are implemented to help taxpayers to trust each other and guarantee "one country, one tax".

 

What determines if CGST, SGST, or IGST is applicable?

To determine if a Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST), State Goods and Services Tax (SGST), or Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) applies to a taxable transaction, determine whether the transaction is within the state. It is important to know first. Or interstate supply.

A state supply of goods or services is when the supplier's location and the supply location, that is, the purchaser's location, are in the same state. In state transactions, sellers need to collect both CGST and SGST from buyers. The CGST is deposited with the central government and the SGST is deposited with the state government.

Interstate supply of goods or services is when the supplier's location and supply location are in different states. Transactions are also considered interstate if the goods or services are exported or exported, or if the goods or services are supplied to or by the SEZ unit. Interstate transactions require sellers to collect IGSTs from buyers.

 

How is the input tax credit adjusted? GST Offset Liability

Consider a product equivalent to rupees. 10,000 are sold by Maharashtra Manufacturer A to Maharashtra Dealer B.

Dealer B resells them to Trader C in Rajasthan for Rs. 17,500.

Trader C finally sells to End User D in Rajasthan for Rs. 30,000.

Suppose the tax rates applicable to the goods sold are CGST = 9%, SGST = 9%, and IGST = 9 + 9 = 18%.

Since A sells this to B in Maharashtra, it is a state sale and is subject to CGST @ 9% and SGST @ 9%.

Dealer B (Maharashtra) sells to Trader C (Rajasthan). Therefore, this is an interstate sale and is IGST @ 18%.

Trader C (Rajasthan) sells to End User D Even in Rajasthan. Again, this is a state sale, so CGST @ 9% and SGST @ 9% apply.

IGST credits are first applied to offset in the following order:

First I oppose IGST's liability.

Then, depending on your preference, CGST or SGST is responsible for offsetting.

Read more about ITC optimization in GST to get a better understanding of how ITC optimization works.

GST is a sales tax, and the state in which the goods are consumed (Rajasthan) receives the GST. According to that logic, Maharashtra (where the goods were sold) should not receive taxes. State Rajasthan and the central government each had to obtain (30,000 * 9%) = 2,700.

Therefore, Maharashtra (exporting country) must transfer SGST credits for Rs. 900 to the center (used to pay for IGST).

The central government will then transfer to the state Rajasthan (importing country) Rs. 450 IGST.

The above example illustrates the need for three taxes: SGST, CGST, and IGST. All three together serve the two purposes of GST.

  1. One country, one tax – Therefore, all taxes on every purchase are available as credit.
  2. Dual taxation – Both the centre and the state have income.

GST is a brand-new tax with new concepts such as "location of supply" and a new tax system. This causes confusion with taxpayers who may end up paying the wrong type of GST.

 

CGST and SGST regulations

 No tax be collected or collected except under the authority of law says Article 265 of the Constitution of India. The billing section is mandatory for taxation laws aimed at taxation and collection of taxes.

In the pre-GST regime, there was a clear financial boundary between the center and the state. The center was authorized to impose taxes on the manufacture of goods (except for alcoholic liquor, opium, narcotics, etc. consumed by humans), but the state has the authority to impose taxes on the sale of goods. For interstate sales, the center has the authority to impose taxes (central sales tax), but the taxes are fully collected and retained by the original state. For services, only the center is authorized to impose a service tax.

With the federal structure of the Indian Constitution in mind, the politically necessary dual GST was introduced in India. Under GST, taxes are collected from both the center and the state at the same time.

The center collects and collects the central GST, and the state collects and collects the state GST for the supply of goods and services within the state. (Section 9 of the CGST / SGST method).

Central GST complies with the CGST (Central Goods Service) Act, which applies throughout India except Jammu and Kashmir. However, referring to the Ordinance dated July 8, 2017, the provisions applicable to the Goods and Services Tax have been extended to Jammu and Kashmir. As a result, the Goods and Services Tax now applies throughout India.

State GSTs are governed by SGST (State Goods and Services Tax) laws that apply to a particular state as a whole (CGST / SGST Law Section 1 (2)). Therefore, there is one CGST method and 31 SGST methods in each of the 29 states of Delhi and Pondicherry.

 

Some of the highlights of the dual GST, CGST + SGST, are: ---

  1. For state sales, both CGST and SGST are charged the same price or price. For interstate sales, only the Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST), which is controlled and collected by the central government, is levied. IGST is not a tax, but a mechanism by which some of the tax is eventually transferred to the state where the goods / services are consumed. If the supplier uses IGST credits to pay SGST, the amount will be refunded to the importing country by the center. If the supplier in the exporting country uses SGST credits to pay for IGST, the center will debit the exporting country.
  2. All suppliers must register in a state that promises to supply goods or services. State registration automatically registers suppliers under the CGST and IGST laws. There is no need to register separately.
  3. Full input tax credits are available for CGST and SGST. However, mutual use between CGST and SGST is not permitted. Dealers in the importing country have the right to use the ITC for the entire IGST. In addition, the IGST in one state cannot be offset by the IGST in another state.
  4. HSN forms the basis of both central and state GST product classifications.
  5. The obligation to pay both taxes is exempt based on a single tax document.
  6. Prerequisites for determining taxable events that trigger CSGT and SGST are common.
  7. SGST operates within the specified boundaries of each state. Therefore, it is important to determine which specific state charges and collects the applicable IGST in relation to the interstate supply of goods and services.
  8. The collection procedure for CGST and SGST is unified.
  9. There is one tax return that is common to both taxes.
  10. It is worth emphasizing here that the provisions of the 2017 CGST Act have been replicated in various SGST Acts. As a result, almost all provisions of the 2017 CGST Act shall apply to the SGST Act with the necessary changes.

 

Therefore, officers appointed under the CGST Act are permitted to be appropriate officers for the purposes of this Act. On the other hand, officers appointed under the SGST Act are permitted to be appropriate officers for the purposes of the SGST Act (CGST / SGST Section 3).

Section 4 of the IGST Act allows officers appointed under the State Goods Services Tax Act or Union Territory Goods Services Tax Act to become appropriate officers for the purposes of this Act without prejudice to the provisions of this Act. It stipulates that it is permitted. , Subject to exceptions and conditions as specified by the Government by notice based on the recommendations of the Board.

Section 174 of the CGST Act abolishes the previous law, the Central Goods Tax Act of 1944 (excluding products included in entry 84 of the Union List of the 7th Schedule of the Constitution), all central taxation based on medicinal and toilet preparation. To do. (Excise) Act, 1955, additional obligation of excise tax (special goods) Portance) Act, 1957, Additional Excise Customs (Textiles and Textiles) Act, 1978, and Central Excise Tax Act, 1985.

Section 174 of the SGST Act covers all states under the previous legislation: State VAT Law, State Immigration Tax Law, State Entertainment and Bet Tax Law, State Luxury Tax, State Health Infrastructure and Service Development Fund Law. Taxation will be abolished. Other state taxes that may be provided under the section.

Section 173 of the CGST Act omits Chapter V of the Fiscal Law of 1994, and Section 173 of the SGST Act includes various states including Octroi, admission tax, entertainment and entertainment tax, and other state taxes included in the GST.

Section 140 (1) of the CGST Act reserves the right to capture credits in the amount of CENVAT credits carried forward in the electronic credit ledger, returns provided under previous legislation.

 The period that ends on the day immediately before the specified date. CENVAT credits shall be accepted as CGST tax.

Section 140 (1) of the SGST Act incorporates an electronic credit ledger, which is the VAT amount of credit carried forward to the tax return provided under the previous law, in connection with the period ending on the day immediately preceding the designated date. I have the right. VAT credits shall be accepted as SGST tax.

The second condition of Section 140 (1) of the SGST Act is many of the credits resulting from claims related to Sections 3, 5 (3), 6, 6A, and 8 (8) of the CST Act of 1956. Has not been proven in that way and shall not be eligible to be credited to the Electronic Credit Ledger in 1957 within the period stipulated in Rule 12 of the CST (Registration and Sales) Regulations.

Therefore, in the case of interstate sales, if a CST form such as Form C, F, H, E1, E2 is not received by the seller within the prescribed time of 3 months specified in Rule 12 of the CST Rule. , The credit will be as follows. The difference between the state VAT of the item and the paid CST is not available for carryover.

Article 3 of Article 140 (1) of the SGST Act states that the amount equivalent to the credit specified in Article 2 shall be based on the current Act if the claim is substantiated by the method stipulated in Rule 12 of the CST. Rule that provides for refunds (registration and sales), 1957. Therefore, if the claim is substantiated, the amount will be refunded to the taxable person.

Subsection 14 is specifically inserted in section 142 of the SGST Act and the agent has the right to gain credit if the goods or capital goods belonging to the principal are on the agent's premises on the designated date. Follow the conditions below.

(I) The agent is a registered taxable person

(II) Both the principal and the agent declare the details of the shares

(III) Invoices within 12 months

(IV) All provisions of the CGST and SGST laws are similar, except for the above, where the principal was revoked or not used for the input tax credit.

 

Common rules for CGST and IGST

The following provisions of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act shall apply to the integrated tax applicable in connection with the Central Tax, with any necessary changes, as if enacted under the IGST Act.

  1. Supply range;
  2. Combined supply and mixed supply.
  3. Time and value of supply.
  4. Input tax credit.
  5. Registration;
  6. Tax invoices, credit and debit notes.
  7. Accounts and records.
  8. Returns other than late fees.
  9. Payment of taxes.
  10. Withholding tax deduction.
  11. Withholding.
  12. Evaluation;
  13. Refund.
  14. Audit;
  15. Inspection, search, seizure and arrest.
  16. Request and recovery.
  17. Responsibility to pay in certain cases.
  18. Prior ruling.
  19. Appeals and revisions.
  20. Estimates for documents.
  21. Violations and penalties.
  22. Work;
  23. Electronic commerce;
  24. Provisional provisions; and
  25. Other provisions, including provisions related to the imposition of interest and fines,

 

Key takeaways:

  1. The government collects CGST, SGST, or IGST, depending on whether the transaction is within or between states.
  2. Both CGST and SGST are collected when goods and services are supplied within the state, called state transactions.
  3. On the other hand, if the supply of goods or services occurs between states, called interstate transactions, IGST is collected
  4. Under GST, CGST is a tax levied on the state supply of both goods and services by the central government and is subject to CGST law.
  5. Under GST, IGST is a tax levied on the supply of all goods and / or services between states and is subject to IGST law.
  6. India is a federal state and both centers and states are authorized to collect and collect taxes.
  7. To determine if a Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST), State Goods and Services Tax (SGST), or Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) applies to a taxable transaction, determine whether the transaction is within the state.
  8. In the pre-GST regime, there was a clear financial boundary between the center and the state.
  9. Article 3 of Article 140 (1) of the SGST Act states that the amount equivalent to the credit specified in Article 2 shall be based on the current Act if the claim is substantiated by the method stipulated in Rule 12 of the CST.

 


The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is considered the largest reform in India. However, the issue is the mechanism of input credit under GST.

Simply put, input credit means that when you pay sales tax, you can reduce the tax you have already paid at the time of purchase.

This article covers everything you need to know about GST-based Suspension Tax Credits (ITCs), ITC availability dates, how to calculate prepaid sales tax credits, how to claim ITCs, and when ITCs are not available. To do. And much more.

 

What is a Temporary Tax Credit (ITC)?

An input tax credit means reducing the tax paid on the input from the tax paid on the output. When a supply of services or goods is supplied to a taxable person, the GST charged is called temporary sales tax.

This concept is not entirely new as it already existed under the pre-GST indirect tax system (service tax, VAT, excise tax). Currently, its scope is expanded under GST.

Previously, it was not possible to claim a temporary sales tax credit for central sales tax, immigration tax, luxury tax and other taxes. In addition, manufacturers and service providers were unable to claim a central excise tax obligation.

Prior to GST, VAT cross-credit on service tax / excise tax and vice versa was not allowed. However, in GST, these taxes are included in one tax, so there is no limit to the offset of this temporary sales tax credit.

The condition for claiming a temporary tax credit under the GST is a very important activity for all companies to resolve their tax obligations.

Input tax credits are not applicable to all types of inputs. Different rules and regulations may apply in different states and countries. Temporary tax credits are also feasible for dealers who have purchased resale items.

Tax credits are the backbone of GST and are a major concern for registrants. This is mainly in line with the pre-GST system. These rules are very strict and special to the approach.

For example, let's say you are a manufacturer. The tax paid on the final product is 450 Indian Rupees. The purchase tax paid is 300 Indian Rupees. The input credit to be charged is 300 Indian Rupees and the final tax to be paid is 150 Indian Rupees.

 

How long is the deadline for using GST ITC?

The ITC is available to registered taxable persons in a specific way within a specified period of time. The table below shows the various situations in which you can request input for semi-finished products or inventories or finished products.

Temporary tax credits in the above situations can only be claimed no more than one year from the date of the tax claim for the issuance associated with the supply.

 

In other cases, the ITC must charge whichever of the following-

a) Offering annual returns or

b) Deadline for filing the September monthly tax return (GSTR-3) for the next fiscal year.

Example-For invoices dated October 11, 2017, the ITC must be available before the following date –

Due date for returns in September 2018 – October 20, 2018

Submission of Annual Tax Return (Assumed) – November 10, 2018

Therefore, you will need to use ITC until October 20, 2018.

 

How to calculate the temporary tax credit?

Consider an example of how to calculate a temporary tax credit.

Let's say you are in business. There is an 18% tax on the services or products you sell. You use input services or products during your business. The tax payable to you (18%) can be adjusted to the tax you have already paid when purchasing such an input. The manufacturer adds tax only on the added value made, not on the total value of the product.

Consider the example of a steel appliance manufacturer that manufactures appliances such as spoons and plates. Suppose the manufacturer purchases 500 Indian Rupees worth of raw steel and 100 Indian Rupees worth of other raw materials to make a pressure cooker. Let's assume that the GST of steel is 18%. We also assume that the GST he paid is 28% of the other raw materials.

Therefore, the manufacturer paid Rs. 28 for other raw materials and Rs. 90 of raw steel he used as an input.

Therefore, the total temporary sales tax paid by the manufacturer was Rs 118.

Now, considering the cost of manufacturing a steel pressure cooker using raw materials, after including a decent profit, he decided to sell the pressure cooker to a distributor for 800 Rs + GST.

He assumes that steel appliances attract 18% GST.

Currently, the tax is 144 Indian Rupees. Therefore, the manufacturer charges 944 Indian Rupees for the pressure cooker.

Therefore, the manufacturer collects 144 Indian Rupees as GST sold by the distributor. The manufacturer paid Rs 118 to GST when purchasing the input raw materials. Therefore, of GST's 144 Indian Rupees, the manufacturer can charge the input the 118 Indian Rupee credits already paid to GST and deposit the difference of 26 Indian Rupees with the government.

This tax credit is available at all subsequent stages, allowing retailers and distributors to claim the GST and claim a temporary tax credit.

To claim an ITC product / service, you must actually receive it. Therefore, goods or services received by an agent or job worker are considered to have been received by the recipient.

Once the recipient receives the invoice, the invoice amount must be paid within 180 days from the date of the invoice. If the beneficiary fails to pay the amount, the amount taken as credit will be cancelled and the temporary consumption tax will be paid on that amount. However, at a later date, if the recipient pays the bill, he can claim the credit again.

 

When the recipient submits Form GSTR-2 (internal supply details)

The turn is tentatively credited to the electronic credit ledger. Recipients can pay self-assessed tax by submitting Form GSTR-3 and obtaining the input credits available in the Electronic Credit Ledger. After both the supplier and recipient systems fill out Form GSTR-3, perform the matching process. If the supplier pays taxes on the goods / services, the ITC will be granted to the recipient. If a mismatch is detected during the matching process for the following reasons-

a) Duplicate claims or

b) If the input claimed by the recipient exceeds the output declared by the supplier

After that, the excess amount will be added to the recipient's temporary consumption tax amount and you will have to pay the tax amount together with the interest.

If the goods (both inputs and capital goods) are received in instalments or lots for a single invoice, the input is available on the last instalment or lot receipt.

GST paid by reverse billing can also be used as an ITC.

If the goods or services purchased / received are used for both business and non-business purposes, only a portion of the ITC associated with the goods / services used for business purposes will be granted credit. Even for taxable and exempt goods / services, only the portion related to the taxable goods / services is allowed as credit.

 

How do I claim a temporary tax credit (ITC)?

To receive a temporary tax credit under the GST scheme, the following conditions must be met:

  1. One must be a registered taxable person.
  2. You can only claim a temporary tax credit if the goods or services you receive are used for business purposes.
  3. Temporary tax credits can be claimed for export / zero valuation supplies and are taxable.
  4. For registered taxable persons, if the constitution is changed due to a merger, sale, or transfer of business, the unused temporary consumption tax credit shall be transferred to the merged, sold, or transferred business. I will.
  5. As stipulated in the Model GST Act, you can tentatively credit the input tax credit of your electronic credit ledger on the common portal.
  6. Supplementary Documents-A debit note, tax invoice, and supplementary invoice are required to claim a temporary sales tax credit.
  7. You can claim a temporary tax credit if you have an actual receipt of the goods or services.
  8. Suspended sales tax must be paid through an electronic credit / cash ledger.
  9. All GST returns such as GST-1, 2, 3, 6, 7 must be submitted
  10. Temporary consumption tax mechanism under GST
  11. Suppose Mr. A is the seller. He sells goods to Mr. B. Buyer B is eligible to use a purchase invoice to claim purchase credits.

Here's how it works:

An upload the details of all tax invoices issued by GSTR-1.

Details uploaded by Mr. A will be automatically entered or reflected in GSTR-2A. This same data will be reflected when Mr. B submits a GSTR-2 return. This is nothing more than a purchase detail.

The sale details are then approved and approved by Mr. B, after which the purchase tax is credited to Mr. B's "electronic credit". He can use this to later adjust and receive a refund in preparation for his future prepaid sales tax liability.

 

How to use the temporary tax credit?

GST has three types of taxes: CGST, IGST, and SGST / UTGST.

  1. IGST will be charged for the interstate supply of goods / services.
  2. CGST and SGST / UTGST will be charged for state supply of goods / services.

When paying the above taxes, input tax credits are allowed in the following ways-

Credit

1st to be utilized for payment of

Balance if any

CGST

CGST

IGST

IGST

IGST

CGST and then SGST/UTGST

SGST/UTGST

SGST/UTGST

 IGST

 

How to use ITC on-capital products?

Unlike previous law, 100% of credit is allowed in the first year of purchase.

ITC is not permitted if depreciation is levied on the GST portion (ie credit) of the capital good.

Example:

Cost    GST   Total cost    Deprecation charged on     ITC available
500      50       550                  550                                     nil
500      25       525                  500                                     25

 

Under what situations one CAN NOT claim Input Tax Credit (ITC)?

 

Items

Exceptions

1

Credit on Motor vehicles and other conveyances purchased or
Expenses related to the normal use of motor vehicles for office purposes cannot be claimed as an input tax credit.

Taxable person is in the business of sale and purchase of  new or second-hand motor vehicle i.e Dealer of the motor vehicle or

Providing the service of transportation of passengers(Ola, Uber)/ goods(GTA) or

The motor vehicle is used by the driving school.

 

2

Supply of food and beverages, outdoor catering, beauty treatment, health service and cosmetic and plastic surgery

 

An inward supply of aforesaid goods or services or both is used by a registered person for making an
outward taxable supply of the same category of goods or services or both or as an element of
a taxable composite or mixed supply then the input tax credit will be available. Example- When the outdoor catering service is subcontracted then the main contractor can avail
input on tax charged by sub-contractor because the service received is used for making the outward supply of the same category.

3

Rent-a-cab, Life and health insurance

 

The Government notifies the services which are obligatory for an employer to provide to its employees
under any law for the time being in force or the receiver of service provides the same line or category of service example- Government made a law for the companies to provide cab facility for there female employees.

4

Travel benefit to employees as leave or home travel concession

Example – Tour arranged for the employee

 

 

5

Works contract service for construction of immovable property

 

Works contractor uses the service of another contractor, then the former can claim the ITC.

 

6

Construction of immovable property which includes reconstruction, renovation, additions or repairs. Goods/services used for construction on his own account or even when it is used for the furtherance of business.

Example- Mr.A constructing his own office, ITC on goods or services used for the construction of the office cannot be claimed by Mr.A

 

 

7

ITC will not be available for the goods/services received by the non-resident taxable person.

 

In case if Non-resident taxable person imports goods or service, then ITC will be allowed.

 

8

Goods/services received for personal consumption

 

 

9

Goods stolen /destroyed/ written off/distributed as a gift or free samples

 

 

10

Dealer under composition scheme- Neither the dealer nor the receiver of goods from the dealer can claim ITC

 

 

11

Membership in a club, Health, and Fitness centre

Example- Company paying the gym fees for its employees

 

 

 

 

What documents and forms are required to claim a temporary tax credit?

  1. Each applicant will need the following documents to claim a temporary tax credit under the GST:
  2. The supplier has issued an invoice to provide services and / or goods in accordance with GST law.
  3. The debit note issued by the supplier to the recipient in the case of the taxable or taxable amount specified on the invoice will be less than the taxable or taxable amount of such supplies.
  4. Invoice for entry.
  5. Credit notes or invoices issued by ISD (Input Service Distributor) in accordance with GST Invoice Rules.
  6. An invoice that is issued like a supply invoice under certain circumstances, instead of a tax invoice. If the amount is less than 200 Indian Rupees or if reverse billing is applied in accordance with GST law.
  7. The supplier has issued supply invoices for goods and services, or both, in accordance with GST invoice rules.

The above documents prepared in accordance with the GST Invoice Rules must be submitted when submitting the GSTR-2 form. Failure to provide these forms may result in your request being rejected or resent.

You may not claim a temporary tax credit for taxes paid on goods and services, or both, for fraudulent or filed request orders, suppression of facts, or intentional misrepresentation.

As input credits become available to sellers at each stage, input tax credits are expected to reduce the overall tax currently levied on the product. Therefore, if the input credit mechanism works efficiently, end consumers may see cost savings.

 

10 important points about ITC

  1. In the case of prepayment, the supplier must pay the tax in such prepayment, but in the case of the beneficiary, the ITC is only available if a tax invoice is issued and the goods / services are received.
  2. ITC is not available based on a valid copy of the document.
  3. SGST paid in one state cannot be used as credit for SGST payments in another state.
  4. Input tax credits are not available for interest and fine payments. In other words, you have to pay using an electronic cash register.
  5. To claim an ITC product / service, you must actually receive it. Therefore, goods or services received by an agent or job worker are considered to have been received by the recipient.
  6. Once the recipient receives the invoice, the invoice amount must be paid within 180 days from the date of the invoice. If the beneficiary fails to pay the amount, the amount taken as credit will be cancelled and the temporary consumption tax will be paid on that amount. However, at a later date, if the recipient pays the bill, he can claim the credit again.
  7. When the recipient submits Form GSTR-2 (Internal Supply Details), the credits charged for the return will be provisionally credited to the electronic credit ledger. Recipients can pay self-assessed tax by submitting Form GSTR-3 and obtaining the input credits available in the Electronic Credit Ledger. After both the supplier and recipient systems fill out Form GSTR-3, perform the matching process. If the supplier pays taxes on the goods / services, the ITC will be granted to the recipient. If a mismatch is detected during the matching process for the following reasons-

a)     Duplicate claims or

b)    If the input claimed by the recipient exceeds the output declared by the supplier

8.     After that, the excess amount will be added to the recipient's temporary consumption tax amount and you will have to pay the tax amount together with the interest.

9.     If the goods (both inputs and capital goods) are received in installments or lots for a single invoice, the input is available on the last installment or lot receipt.

10. GST paid by reverse billing can also be used as an ITC.

11. If the goods or services purchased / received are used for both business and non-business purposes, only a portion of the ITC associated with the goods / services used for business purposes will be granted credit. Even for taxable and exempt goods / services, only the portion related to the taxable goods / services is allowed as credit.

 

Key takeaways:

  1. A tax credit is an amount that can be deducted in dollars from the income tax payable by the taxpayer.
  2. Tax credits are more advantageous than tax credits because they actually reduce the amount of tax payments as well as the amount of taxable income.
  3. There are three basic types of tax credits: non-refundable, refundable, and partial refund.
  4. Non-refundable tax credits can reduce the tax you have to pay to zero, but cannot provide a tax refund.
  5. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is considered the largest reform in India. However, the issue is the mechanism of input credit under GST.
  6. Simply put, input credit means that when you pay sales tax, you can reduce the tax you have already paid at the time of purchase.
  7. This article covers everything you need to know about GST-based Suspension Tax Credits (ITCs), ITC availability dates, how to calculate prepaid sales tax credits, how to claim ITCs, and when ITCs are not available.

 


According to GST rules, companies with sales of more than Rs 40 are required to register as regular taxable entities. This is called the GST registration process. Companies located in the hills and northeaster states have sales of 10 rupees. The GST registration process can be completed within 6 business days.

GST registration is easy with the online GST portal. Employers can fill out the GST Portal form and submit the required documents for registration. Certain companies need to complete the GST registration process. Performing business without registering with GST is a criminal offense, and failure to register will result in heavy fines.

Step-by-step guide to the online GST registration process on the GST portal

Here are the step-by-step steps that an individual must follow to complete a GST registration:

Step-1: Access the GST Portal-https: //www.gst.gov.in

Step-2: Click the Register Now link under the Taxpayer tab

Step-3: Select New Registration.

Step-4: Enter the following details.

a)     In the I drop-down menu, select Taxpayer.

b)    Select each state and district.

c)     Please enter the name of the store.

d)    Enter the PAN for your business.

e)     Enter your email ID and mobile number in each box. The email ID and mobile number you entered must be active as the OTP will be sent.

f)       Enter the image displayed on the screen and click [Continue].

Step-5: On the next page, enter the email ID and the OTP sent to your mobile number in their respective boxes.

Step-6: After entering the details, click Continue.

Step-7: The temporary reference number (TRN) will be displayed on the screen. Make a note of the TRN.

Step-8: Access the GST portal again and click Register on the Taxpayer menu.

Step-9: Select Temporary Reference Number (TRN).

Step-10: Enter the TRN and capture details.

Step-11: Click Continue.

Step-12: Receive the OTP with your email ID and registered mobile number. Enter the OTP on the next page and click Continue.

Step-13: You can check the status of the application on the next page. The edit icon will be displayed on the right side, so click it.

Step-14: There are 10 sections on the next page. You will need to fill in all relevant details and submit the required documentation. Below is a list of documents that need to be uploaded.

a)     Photo

b)    Company address proof

c)     Bank details such as account number, bank name, bank branch, IFSC code.

d)    Approval form

e)     Taxpayer constitution.

Step-15: Visit the Confirmation page to confirm the declaration and then submit your application in one of the following ways:

According to electronic verification code (EVC). The code will be sent to the registered mobile phone number.

By electronic signature method. An OTP will be send in your registered mobile number that is linked with Aadhar

If the company registers, it must submit an application using a digital signature certificate (DSC).

Step-16: When complete, a success message will be displayed on the screen. The application reference number (ARN) will be sent to your registered mobile phone number and email ID.

Step-17: In order to check the status of ARN we can go to GST portal.

 

How to do GST registration via Aadhaar authentication?

New businesses can secure GST registration with the help of Aadhaar. The process is simple and fast. The new process came into effect on August 21, 2020.

To select Aadhaar authentication:

  1. Applying for GST registration gives you the option to choose Aadhaar certification.
  2. Select "Yes". An authentication link will be sent to the registered email ID and mobile phone number.
  3. Click the authentication link.
  4. Enter your Aadhaar number and select Validate.
  5. If the details match, the OTP will be sent to your registered mobile number and email ID.
  6. Enter the OTP to complete the process. You will get a new GST registration within 3 business days.

 

Who needs to complete GST registration?

  1. GST registration must be completed by the following individuals and businesses:
  2. Individuals who registered for tax services before the GST Act came into force.
  3. Non-resident taxable and temporary taxable
  4. Individuals paying taxes with a reverse billing mechanism
  5. All e-commerce aggregators
  6. Companies with sales over 40 rupees. In the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and the northeastern states, business sales should exceed Rs 100,000.
  7. Input service distributors and suppliers
  8. An individual who supplies goods through an e-commerce aggregator.
  9. An individual who provides database access and online information from outside India to anyone living in India other than those who are registered as taxable.

 

Types of GST registration

Under the GST method, there are different types of GST registrations. It is important to know the different types of GST registrations before choosing the right one. The types of GST registration are:

Regular taxpayers: Most Indian companies fall into this category. You do not need to provide a deposit to become a regular taxpayer. There is no expiration date for taxpayers in this category.

Casual taxable individuals: Individuals who want to set up seasonal shops and food stalls can choose this category. A prepayment amount equal to the expected GST liabilities must be deposited during the stall or seasonal shop opening period. The GST registration period for this category is 3 months and can be extended or renewed.

Configuration Taxpayer: If you would like to obtain a GST configuration scheme, please apply for it. You must deposit your apartment under this category. Temporary tax credits are not available in this category.

Non-resident taxable person: Choose this type of GST registration if you want to supply goods to individuals who live outside India but are staying in India. As with the casual taxable type, you must pay a deposit equal to your expected GST liabilities while your GST registration is valid. This type of GST registration usually lasts for 3 months, but can be extended or renewed with an expiration type.

  1. Non-resident online service provider
  2. Special Economic Zone Developer
  3. GST TDS Dedicators-Government Agency
  4. United Nations Embassy / Institution / Other Notified Individuals
  5. Special Economic Zone Unit
  6. GST TDS Collector – E-Commerce Company

Documents required completing GST registration

The documents required to complete GST registration are:

  1. PAN card.
  2. Aadhar card.
  3. Company address proof.
  4. Bank account statement and cancelled check.
  5. Corporate establishment certificate or business registration certificate.
  6. Digital signature.
  7. Director or promoter ID, address, and photo.
  8. Approval from the approved signer or resolution of the board of directors.

GST registration fee

There are no fees for completing the GST registration process online. Once the relevant documents have been uploaded, an application reference number (ARN) will be sent by SMS and email to confirm your registration.

Penalties for failing to complete GST registration

If you do not pay the tax, or if you pay less than the amount to be paid, the penalty imposed is 10% of the amount to be paid (in the case of a true error). However, the minimum penalty is Rs.10,000.

If you are not registered with GST and are deliberately attempting to evade taxes, the penalty will be 100% of your tax payment.

 

How to download the GST registration certificate?

Follow the steps below to download the GST registration certificate.

Step-1: Go to https: //www.gst.gov.in/

Step-2: Click Login.

Step-3: enter your username and password in the next page,

Step-4: Click Login.

Step-5: Then click Services.

Step-6: Click User Services.

Step-7: Select View / Download Certificate.

Step-8: On the next page, click Download. The certificate contains details of the tax transaction.

 

How to check GST registration status

  1. Please access the official GST portal at https://www.gst.gov.in/.
  2. Click Services> Registration> Track Application Status.
  3. Enter the ARN number and capture code. Then click the search button.
  4. Finally, the screen will display one of the following GST registration statuses:
  5. Provisional status
  6. Pending validation status
  7. Verification for error status
  8. Migration status
  9. Cancellation status

 

Who needs to register for GST in India?

According to GST rules, companies with sales of more than 40 rupees must be forced to register with GST. In the northeaster states of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, sales are 10 rupees. In addition, the following must also be registered with the domestic GST.

  1. A person who provides online information and database access or search services to non-taxable persons registered from locations outside India.
  2. All e-commerce aggregators.
  3. A person who supplies through an e-commerce aggregator.
  4. Individuals registered under pre-GST law.
  5. Those who are paying taxes with the reverse billing mechanism.
  6. Supplier agent.
  7. Input service distributor.
  8. Non-resident taxable persons or temporary taxable persons.

How do I get a GST number?

To obtain a GST number, you need to go to the GST portal (www.gst.gov.in) and apply for GST registration. You need a valid business email address, mobile number, and PAN to start the process.

What are the required documents for GST registration?

To complete GST registration, PAN, Aadhaar, company address, cancelled check, bank account statement, company registration or establishment certificate, digital signature, photo, address, and director or promoter Documents such as ID proof are required.A resolution of the board of directors or a letter of approval from an approved signatory.

How much does a GST number cost?

The government does not charge a fee for GST registration. However, consulting with a certified accountant or consultant can be costly to the expert as the entire registration process can be tedious.

Is it possible to surrender the GST number?

Yes, you can surrender your GST number. However, only if one year has passed from the registration date.

 

Key takeaways:

  1. Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a tax on goods and services sold domestically for consumption.
  2. Taxes are included in the final price, paid by the consumer at the time of sale and passed to the government by the seller.
  3. GST is a common tax used in most countries of the world.
  4. GST is usually taxed as a single tax rate nationwide.
  5. Registration is the process by which a company submits the required documents to the SEC prior to an initial public offering (IPO).
  6. The two components of registration are a prospectus for investors and a private filing for the SEC.
  7. Registration consists of important details about the offering, such as price, date, financial statements and legal issues.
  8. The term "registration" also refers to files filed by the broker-dealer.
  9. GST registration is easy with the online GST portal.
  10. Employers can fill out the GST Portal form and submit the required documents for registration.
  11. Certain companies need to complete the GST registration process.
  12. Performing business without registering with GST is a criminal offense, and failure to register will result in heavy fines

 

References

  1. https://www.cbic.gov.in/resources//htdocs-cbec/gst/Integrated%20goods%20&%20Services.pdf
  2. https://www.myloancare.in/gst/what-is-igst-cgst-sgst/
  3. http://www.raijmr.com/ijrhs/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/IJRHS_2017_vol05_issue_06_01.pdf
  4. https://www.charteredclub.com/gst-input-tax-credit/
  5. https://taxguru.in/goods-and-service-tax/input-tax-credit-itc-gst-provisions.html
  6. https://cleartax.in/s/gst-registration
  7. https://www.indiafilings.com/learn/gst-registration-procedure/
  8. https://www.cbic.gov.in/htdocs-cbec/gst/51_GST_Flyer_Chapter1.pdf

Index
Notes
Highlighted
Underlined
:
Browse by Topics
:
Notes
Highlighted
Underlined