Unit-5
Planning of Public Building
Planning of public buildings are Lapon nature and requirement of building to the functions of each element in building is first categorized and then using principles of planning and bye-laws they are planned, there are no hard and fast rules to ascertain the dimensions of each unit in these building. But minimum dimensions are needed to be fixed on the basis of space needs, thermal comfort, light ring, ventilation requirement etc. of that unit. The site of various units depends upon the function of that unit.
As per the national building code of India-2005, buildings are classified based on occupancies as follows:
Group A: Residential building
Group B: Educational building
Group C: Institutional building
Group D: Assembly building
Group E: Business building
Group F: Merchandise building Group G: Industrial building
Group H: Storage building
Group I: Hazardous building
KEY TAKEWAYS:
Planning of public buildings are Lapon nature and requirement of building to the functions of each element in building is first categorized and then using principles of planning and bye-laws they are planned, there are no hard and fast rules to ascertain the dimensions of each unit in these building. But minimum dimensions are needed to be fixed on the basis of space needs, thermal comfort, light ring, ventilation requirement etc. of that unit.
1) Industrial Building
"Industrial Building" means a building or part thereof wherein products or, material are fabricated, assembled or processed, such as assembly plants, laboratories, power plants, refineries gas plants, mills dairies and factories.
Functional requirement for industrial building:
Functional requirement for industrial building is as follows:
Main factory |
Office and administration, Library |
Store for raw materials |
Store for finished goods |
Laboratory |
Research and Development |
Restaurant |
Parking space and cycle stand |
Circulation space |
2) Commercial Building
Requirement of commercial buiding is as follows:
Entrance | 1.2 m wide |
Cubicles | 4-6 m2 |
Restaurant |
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Rest and recreation room |
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Sanitary block:
Description | Male | Female |
WC | 1 for 25 | 1 for 15 |
Urinals | 1 for 6 to 20 |
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| 2 for 21 to 45 |
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| 3 for 46 to 70 |
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| 4 for 71 to 100 |
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| (add 3% for every 100 to 200) |
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Wash basin | 1 for 25 | 1 for 25 |
3) School and Colleges
These includes primary, secondary, arts, commerce, science, and law colleges technical, medical and agricultural colleges or institutes. Following plants are to be considered for planning.
1. Class rooms and library should be Northern aspect.
2. The principal office should be close to administrative department and near to the entrance.
3. The layout of building may be L, B and E type.
4. Sanitary blocks and water taps should be placed in each wing in such a manner that they are easily accessible to all units.
5. Other important units like assembly hall, gymnasium, library common room, staff room, play ground etc. must be provided codal provision for various units: According to IS: 8827-1978
Building for Education:
This includes primary and secondary schools, arts, science, commerce, and law colleges; technical, medical, and agricultural colleges or institutes. The units required are-
1.Entrance or reception | 10-20 mm2 |
2.Office and Administrative block | 20-40 mm2 |
3.Classrooms students below 10 years | Area 1-1.2/student |
Students above 10 years General sizes | Area 1.2-1.5m2/student 4.5m6m 5.5m6.5m 6.0m7.2m 7.010.0m |
4.Teachers room | 14 m2 |
5.Drawing halls | Area 3-4m2/student |
6.Laboratories | Area 3-4m2/student |
7.Assembly hall | Area0.5-0.6m2/student |
4) Hostels:
Functional requirement for hostels is as follows:
1.Entrance | 3 m wide | |||||||||||||||
2.Rooms
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3.Circulation | 1-2m wide | |||||||||||||||
4.Recreation hall | 2-3 m2/head | |||||||||||||||
5.Dining hall | 3-4 m2/head | |||||||||||||||
6.Kitchen Pantry Store | 2.75m3m 2m3m 2.75m3m | |||||||||||||||
7.Parking space and cycle stand |
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8.Public telephone |
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9.Sanitary block
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Fig.5.1:Line plan of Hostel
5) Auditorium:
Requirements of Auditorium building is as follows:
1.Entrance for Foyer | 3 m wide | ||||||||||||
2.Auditorium Area Volume One door for 200 persons | 0.8-1 m2 chair 3.5-4.3m2/chair | ||||||||||||
Slope of floor Distance between chairs Stage height | 1:2.-1:10 450mm 0.9m-1.2m | ||||||||||||
3.Office and booking window | 4.6m2 | ||||||||||||
4.Projection room | 18.5m2 | ||||||||||||
5.Snack bar, tea stall | 12-15m2 | ||||||||||||
6.Parking space and cycle stand |
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7.Manager’s office | 12-15m2 | ||||||||||||
8.Sanitary blocks:
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9.Air conditioning room for each floor |
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10.Store | 12 m2 |
6) Restaurant/Hotel building:
Requirements of Restaurant/hotel building is as follows:
1.Entrance and reception |
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2.Waiting hall |
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3.Dining Kitchen Store Pantry | 2.3 m2 10 m2 10 m2 6 m2 |
4.Circulation | 1.5 m to 2.0 m |
5.Bedrooms |
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General purpose Good size double bed (Refer these rooms as per standard of tourism dept) | 2.75 m4.5 m 3.4 m4.5 m 3.6 m5.5 m 4.2 m5.5 m |
6.Laundry | 3 m4.5m |
7.Servant’s room | 3m3.9m |
8.Sanitary block | For servants; near dining and entrance hall; and for every bedroom |
9.Parking space, garages, cycle stand |
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7) Primary Health Center/Hospital
These includes dispensaries, health centers and hospitals.
Dispensary:
1.Entrance and waiting space | 2 m wide |
2.Doctor’s room | 2.75m4m |
3.Examination or dressing room | 3m4m |
4.Operation room or dressing room | 3m4m |
5.Sanitary block |
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6.Store room | 2.75m3m |
7.Compounder’s window and compounding space | 2 m wide(minimum) |
8.Circulation space |
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Health Center:
1.Entrance and waiting space |
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2.Doctor’s room | 3m3.6m |
3.Examination room | 3m4m |
4.Operation theatre | 4m5.5m |
5.Circulation space |
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6.Wards: Maternity, General | 810m2/head |
7.Medical store | 3.5m4.75m |
8.Office | 12 m2 |
9.Laboratory | 15 m2 |
10.Parking space |
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11.Family planning unit |
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12.Residence: Doctor Servants |
60-90 m2 40-60 m2 |
8) Shopping complex/Sports complex
Fig.5.2: Line plan of sports complex
9) Vegetable Market
1.Entrance | Generally open space |
2.Stalls | 2.52m4m 2m5m 2.5m5m |
3.Cold room | 3m4.5m |
4.Circulation space | Corridors, staircase, lift etc. |
5.Parking space and cycle stand for public | According to utility |
6.Parking space for trucks | According to utility |
7.Space for collection of garbage | According to utility |
8.office | According to utility |
9.Sanitary block | According to utility |
Fig.5.3: Line plan of vegetable market
10) Post office:
1.Entrance and moving space by the side of counters | 2m wide |
2.Counters: Height Width | 1.6m-1.8m 0.4m-0.8m |
3.Post master’s room | 9m2 |
4.Working space behind counters | 3m wide |
5.Sorting space | 2-3 m2 per postman |
6.Telephone Booth |
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7.Parking space and cycle stand |
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8.Sanitary blocks for office staff/officers |
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Fig.5.4: Line plan of post office
11) Bank:
1.Entrance and moving space by the side of counters | 2m wide minimum |
2.Counters: Height Width | 1.6m-1.8m 0.4m-0.8m |
3.Working space behind counters | 3m wide |
4.Agent’s room | 9m2 |
5.Cashier’s room | 1.5m1.5m |
6.Safe deposit lockers |
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7.Sanitary block for office staff/officers |
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Fig.5.5: Line plan of bank
KEY TAKEWAYS:
Functional requirement and dimensioning and planning of various public buildings are done above. The examples of various public buildings are Schools, Commercial buildings, hostel, Auditorium, industrial building, Primary health center, shopping complex, Sports complex, Vegetable market, Post office etc.
References:
1. Building Materials by S.K.Duggal, New Age International Publishers.
2. Building Construction by S.C.Rangwala, Charotdar Publications.
3. Building design and construction by Frederick Merrit, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. IS 962-1989 code for Practice for Architectural and Building drawings