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CACED

Unit – 1

Introduction

Q1) What is engineering drawing?

A1)

Drawing is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments to mark paper.

An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing which is used to convey information about an object.

Q2) What are the types of projection?

A2)

Orthographic Projection: In this method the object is placed in space in such a way that the front view of it is taken in the vertical plane, and the top view of the same, is taken in the horizontal plane, other name 'orthographic'.

Perspective Projection: The observer's eye position, height, and the distance from the object, all effect the outcome of the drawing. Two sub-methods are adopted for this projection technique are Visual Ray Method and Vanishing Point Method.

Isometric Projection: It gives the total detail of the component under consideration. The basic principle behind isometric projection is that it involves the consideration of three axes that are inclined to each other making equal angles with each other (120 deg.)

Q3) What are the types of building drawing?

A3) Types of Building Drawing.

1. Site Plan.

2. Line Plan.

3. Detailed Plan.

4. Foundation Plan.

5. Landscape plan.

6. Elevation.

7. Sectional Elevation.

8. Perspective Drawing.

9. Submission drawing

10. Model

Q4) Define scale?

A4) Scale drawings are used to illustrate items that it is not useful or convenient to draw at their actual size

A distance at full size: The distance at the scale used that would be the same length.

For example:

A full-size drawing would be 1:1 (or sometimes 1/1 or ‘one to one’).

A tenth size drawing would be 1:10.

A triple size drawing would be 3:1.

In the construction industry a range of scales are available

Q5) Write advantages of CAD?

A5) 1. Saves time: It can make better and more systematic designs in shorter time duration.

2. Easy to edit: it will be much easier and safer to make any changes because you can fix the errors and modify the drawings easily.

3. Decrease in error percentage: the percentage of error that occurred because of manual designing is decreased.

4. Decrease design effort: It has been reduced significantly because the software brutalises most of the task.

5. Easy to share: It makes easier to save the files and store it in a way that you can use it time and again.

6. Improved accuracy: The fact that the kind of accuracy that CAD software will offer can never be achieved by opting for manual drawings. You have tools to measure the precision, skill and accuracy level of the designs.

Q6) What is reference plan?

A6) It is defined as a plane on the face of the extents of a modifier. Every modifier has an unseen extent, or boundary box, that defines the extents of the feature

These are the various ways of a reference plane, example of each one:

Offset Distance

Coincident with 3 vertices

Coincident with a line and a vertex

Angle

Parallel

Tangent and Parallel

Tangent and Perpendicular

Mid Plane

Perpendicular at a Point

Create a plane parallel to the screen

Q7) What is drawing basic entities?

A7) ENTITIES: It is the main section of a drawing file and contains the actual characteristic contains standard information, such as its colour, layer, line style, and geometry.

In a drawing you can create a variety of different entity types. Drawing entities can be very simple such as lines, circles, arcs, points and rays or complex such as polylines, splines and planes.

To create an entity, you can choose between selecting the command in the Draw menu, using the tools on the Draw

When you use a tool or a drawing command, the program box open to enter coordinate points, such as endpoints or insertion points. You can enter the points or distances either using a mouse or by typing coordinate values in the command bar

New entities are made on the current layer, using the current colour, line type and line weight.

Q8) Explain modify command?

A8) Essential Commands of Modify Panel in AutoCAD

Move (M+ Enter): -

We can move any objects at a specified distance and direction.

Process of using move command: -

Select Move Command from modify panel.

Select the object.

Right click.

Left click on object.

Move it any direction.

D Enter

Type distance

Enter.

Rotate (RO+ Enter): -

We can rotate any selected object around a base point to an angle.

It rotates any objects in clock and anti-clockwise.

Process of using Rotate command: -

Select Rotate command from modify panel.

Select the object.

Right click

Specify base point

Enter C (copy) or Enter R (reference)

Type rotation angle

Enter.

Copy (CO+ Enter): -

It is used to copy an object at a specified distance or direction. It works almost like Move Command.

Process of using Copy command: -

Select copy command.

Select object.

Right click

Specify base point.

Move it any direction.

Make multiple copies.

Enter.

Mirror (MI+ Enter): -

It creates a reverse copy of the selected object.

Process of using mirror command: -

Select mirror command.

Select object.

Right click.

Click on the first point of mirror line.

Drag mouse in the direction where you want to make mirror

Specify the second point of mirror line.

Enter.

Stretch: -

In these, one can move some part of drawing with carrying the connection with other parts.

Process of using Stretch command: -

Select Stretch Command.

Select the part of the object which you want to stretch.

Right click.

Drag the mouse in that direction where you want to stretch.

Scale (SC+ Enter): -

We one can enlarge or reduce the objects. The length and width of objects would be enlarged or reduced at the same size.

Process of using Scale command

Select Scale command.

Select the part of the object which you want to enlarge or reduces.

Select base point

Type the value

Right click.

Drag the mouse.

Q9) Define Block?

A9)

Insert symbols and details into your drawings from commercial online sources

Block is a collection of objects that are combined into a single named object.

Insert a Block

Each of these blocks is an individual drawing file, saved in a folder with similar drawing files. When you need to insert one into your current drawing file, you use the INSERT command

The first time you insert the drawing as a block, you need to click Browse to locate the drawing file.

Once inserted, the block definition is stored in your current drawing.

Q10) Explain trim command?

A10) It is used to trim any objects whose edge meet the other objects. It trims the crossed line.

Process of using Trim Command: -

Select trim command from modify panel

Double Enter.

Double click on the intersect line or extra line.

If we want to exchange trim command into Extend command enter shift.

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