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Unit - 3Sensors and Transducers for Physical ParametersQ1) What is a temperature sensor?A1) A temperature sensor is a device that is designed to measure the degree of hotness or coolness in an object. The working of a temperature meter depends upon the voltage across the diode. The temperature change is directly proportional to the diode’s resistance. The cooler the temperature, lesser will be the resistance, and vice-versa.Q2) What are the different temperature sensors?A2)A thermocouple (T/C) is made from two dissimilar metals that generate an electrical voltage in direct proportion with the change in temperature. An RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) is a variable resistor that changes its electrical resistance in direct proportion with the change in the temperature in a precise, repeatable and nearly linear manner.Q3) What is a pressure sensor?A3)A pressure sensor simply monitors this pressure and display it in one of the several units known around the world. In a nutshell, a pressure sensor converts the pressure to a small electrical signal that is transmitted and displayed.Most pressure sensors work using the piezoelectric effect. This is when a material creates an electric charge in response to stress. This stress is usually pressure but can be twisting, bending, or vibrations. The pressure sensor detects the pressure and can determine the amount of pressure by measuring the electric charge.Pressure sensors need to be calibrated so it knows what voltage or milliamp (mA) signal corresponds to what pressure. Q4) What is torque sensor?A4) All torque sensors manufactured are strain guage based measuring instrument whose output voltage is proportional to applied torque. The output voltage produced by resistance change in strain guages that are bonded to the torque sensor structure. The magnitude of the resistance change is proportional to the deformation of the torque sensor and therefore the applied torque. Q5) What is a flow sensor?A5) A flow sensor is an electronic device that measures or regulates the flow rate of liquids and gases within pipes and tubes. Flow sensors are generally connected to gauges to render their measurements they can also be connected to computers and digital interfaces. They are commonly used in HVAC systems, medical devices, chemical factories, and septic systems. Flow sensors can detect leaks, blockages, pipe bursts, and changes in liquid concentration due to contamination or pollution.Q6) What are the different type of flow sensor?A6) Flow sensors can be divided into two groups: contact and non-contact flow sensors. Contact flow sensors are used in applications where the liquid or gas measured is not expected to become clogged in the pipe when it meets the sensor’s moving parts. In contrast, non-contact flow sensors have no moving parts, and they are generally used when the liquid or gas are being monitored which would be otherwise contaminated or physically altered by coming into contact with moving parts.Q7) What are speed sensors?A7) The speed sensor detects a gear or target wheel in the transmission and generates an electric digital signal proportional to the speed of rotation. The transmission controls use this information to modify various transmission functions such as shift points and perform diagnostic tests.Q8) What is a position sensor?A8) Position sensors are used throughout many industries for applications in motorsport, agriculture, industrial application etc used in devices which surround us such as elevators and moving ramps. Position sensors are even used in the special effects department of films. Q9) What are the speed sensors?A9) The speed sensor uses the variable reluctance magnetic sensing principle, whereby a cylindrical permanent magnetic core with a coil wire wound around it, mounted on the stationary hub carrier, axle casing or back plate, produces a magnetic field (flux) which overlaps the rotating excitor ring.Q10) What are the application of sensors?A10) There is a multitude of different sensor types, the most popular categories we can offer are; position sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors and load and force sensors. Sensors are used in so many applications including motorsport, agriculture, medicine, industrial, aerospace, agriculture.
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