Unit – 2
Attitude, Perception, Motivation, Personality and values
Q1) Define Attitude. What is the importance of attitude in an organization?
A1) Attitudes are simply expressions of much we like or dislike various things. Attitudes represent our evaluations, preferences or rejections based on the information we receive.
Q2) What is Right (Positive Attitude)?
A2) A positive attitude in the workplace helps employees to accomplish tasks faster and in a better manner. The performance of employees to a great extent depends on the good relationship they share with their colleagues.
A good relationship can be established only when employees demonstrate a positive attitude towards their work and colleagues. Through positive energy, work becomes a pleasure and employees find it easier to achieve their goals. A positive attitude has significant benefits for an individual in many aspects.
Q3) Discuss the Importance of attitude in an organization.
A3) Importance of attitude in an organization are mentioned below:
1. Career success
Employees success in the workplace is measured through their performance. Employees with a positive attitude will always think of ways to accomplishing their task in a well-defined manner instead of complaining or finding excuses for non-performance. This results in success either through promotion or increased compensation.
2. Productivity
With a positive attitude, employees tend to take more interest in what they do and deliver. Consequently, they produce better quality work with minimum errors. This improves their overall output as well as productivity.
3. Leadership
Working in an organization is all about managing a diverse workforce. Some employees earn respect easily and people often follow and listen to them. This is possible through the positive attitude demonstrated by leaders.
4. Team work
Good relationships among employees help them to build effective teams where all the members are united and work for a common cause. A positive attitude helps employees to appreciate each other ‘s competencies and work as a team for achieving common objectives instead of being overly perturbed by inadequacies of team members.
5. Decision making
Having a positive attitude helps employees to take better decisions, in an objective manner. It triggers a healthy thought process, enabling employees to choose wisely and logically.
6. Motivation
Having a positive attitude helps in motivating employees to overcome obstacles that they may face during the course of their job. It also determines the way they see the world around them. The moment they are successful in overcoming obstacles, they are motivated to move forward.
7. Interpersonal relations
Customers prefer to deal with someone who is positive in nature. A positive attitude enables employees to share a better rapport with customers, earning valuable customer loyalty.
8. Stress management
Stress has a detrimental effect on the health of employees. So how can employees cope with it? Stress can be reduced through positive thinking; and with reduced stress, employees will enjoy better health and take fewer sick leaves.
Q4) Discuss the compound of Attitude.
A4) It is a generalized tendency to think or act in a certain way in respect of some object or situation, often accompanied by feelings. It is a learned predisposition to respond in a consistent manner with respect to a given object.
This can include evaluations of people, issues, objects, or events. Such evaluations are often positive or negative, but they can also be uncertain at times.
These are the way of thinking, and they shape how we relate to the world both in work and outside of work. Researchers also suggest that there are several different components that make up attitudes.
Attitude is composed of three components, which include a cognitive component, effective or emotional component, and a behavioral component.
Cognitive Component
The cognitive component of attitudes refers to the beliefs, thoughts, and attributes that we would associate with an object. It is the opinion or belief segment of an attitude. It refers to that part of attitude which is related in general knowledge of a person.
Typically, these come to light in generalities or stereotypes, such as ‘all babies are cute’, ‘smoking is harmful to health’ etc.
Affective Component
Affective component is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude.
It is related to the statement which affects another person.
It deals with feelings or emotions that are brought to the surface about something, such as fear or hate. Using the above example, someone might have the attitude that they love all babies because they are cute or that they hate smoking because it is harmful to health.
Behavioral Component
Behavior component of an attitude consists of a person’s tendencies to behave’in a particular way toward an object. It refers to that part of attitude which reflects the intention of a person in the short-run or long run.
Basically, the cognitive component is based on the information or knowledge, whereas the affective component is based on the feelings.
The behavioral component reflects how attitude affects the way we act or behave. It is helpful in understanding their complexity and the potential relationship between attitudes and behavior.
But for clarity’s sake, keep in mind that the term attitude essentially refers to the affected part of the three components.
In an organization, attitudes are important for their goal or objective to succeed. Each one of these components is very different from the other, and they can build upon one another to form our attitudes and, therefore, affect how we relate to the world.
Q5) Compare the Relationship between attitude and Behaviour.
A5) Key Differences Between Attitude and Behavior
The difference between attitude and behavior can be drawn clearly on the following grounds:
So, it is clear that whatever is said or done, conveys a message to the world about what’s going on in the mind. It is universally accepted fact that the emotions, opinions and thoughts cannot be observed, which shows attitude. Further, the behavior is ruled by our attitude as actions are the reflection of the thoughts.
While attitude is nothing but a person’s perception on something or someone in life. As against this behavior, is how a person reacts to various inputs and stimulus.
Q6) What do mean by Emotional Intelligence?
A6) Emotional intelligence (shortened to EI or EQ for emotional quotient) can be defined as: “EQ refers to someone’s ability to perceive, understand and manage their own feelings and emotions”
Q7) Explain the term Job Attitude.
A7) Job attitude is a set of evaluations of one's job that constitute one's feelings toward, beliefs about, and attachment to one's job. Overall job attitude can be conceptualized in two ways. Either as affective job satisfaction that constitutes a general or global subjective feeling about a job, or as a composite of objective cognitive assessments of specific job facets, such as pay, conditions, opportunities and other aspects of a particular job Employees evaluate their advancement opportunities by observing their job, their occupation, and their employer.
Research demonstrates that interrelationships and complexities underlie what would seem to be the simply defined term job attitudes. The long history of research into job attitudes suggests there is no commonly agreed upon definition There are both cognitive and affective aspects, which need not be in correspondence with each other. Job attitude should also not be confused with the broader term attitude, because attitude is defined as a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor, whereas job attitude is a particular instance as an entity. In the definition above, the term "job" involves one's current position, one's work or one's occupation, and one's employer as its entity. However, one's attitude towards his/her work does not necessarily have to be equal with one's attitudes towards his/her employer, and these two factors often diverge.
Q8) What is personality?
A8) The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others, measurable traits a person exhibits.
Q9) What is the meaning and concept of perception?
A9) Meaning and concept of perception
Perception is the sensory experience of the world. It involves both recognizing environmental stimuli and actions in response to these stimuli.
Through the perceptual process, we gain information about the properties and elements of the environment that are critical to our survival. Perception not only creates our experience of the world around us; it allows us to act within our environment.
Perception includes the five senses; touch, sight, sound, smell, and taste. It also includes what is known as proprioception, a set of senses involving the ability to detect changes in body positions and movements. It also involves the cognitive processes required to process information, such as recognizing the face of a friend or detecting a familiar scent.
Q10) Write short notes on The Myers- Briggs Type Indicator and The Big Five personality model.
A10) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A personality test that taps four characteristics and classified people into 1 of 16 personality types. (Ex. Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
The Big Five Model
1. Extroversion (sociable, gregarious, assertive)
2. Agreeableness (good-natured, cooperative, trusting)
3. Conscientiousness (responsible, dependable, persistent, organized)
4. Emotional Stability (calm, self-confident, secure under stress)
5. Openness to Experience (curious, imaginative, artistic, sensitive)
