Unit3 | unit 3 transformers

BEE

Unit-3

Transformers

Q1>. A 2500/200 V transformer draws a no-load primary current of 0.5 A and absorbs 400 W. Find magnetising and loss currents.

Sol: Iron-loss current = No load input(W) / Primary voltage

= 400/2500 = 0.16 A

I20 = I2w + I2µ

Iµ = √I20 – I2w

= √(0.5)2 – (0.16)2

Iµ = 0.473 A

Q2>. A 1-φ transformer has 1000 turns on primary and 200 on secondary. The no load current is 4 amp at p.f of 0.2 lagging. Find primary current and pf when secondary current is 280 A at pf of 0.6 lagging.

Sol : cos-1 0.6 = 53.130 (sin φ = 0.8)

I2 = 280/-53.130A

Φ = cos-1 0.2 = 78.50

Sin φ = 0.98

I1 = I0 + I’2

I’2 = (I2/K) ( -53.130

K = N1/N2 = 1000/200 = 5

I’2 = 280/5 (-53.130

I’2 = 56(-53.130

I1 = I0 + I’2

= 4(0.20 – j0.98) + 56(0.6 – j0.8)

= 0.80 – j3.92 + 33.6 – j44.8

I1 = 34.4 – j48.72

I1 = 59.64 ( -54.770

I lags supply voltage by 54.770

Q3) A 1- φ transformer with ratio of 440/110-V takes a no-load current of 6 A at 0.3 pf lagging. If secondary supplies 120 A at pf of 0.8 lagging. Find current taken by primary.

Sol>.

Cos φ2 = 0.8

Φ2 = 36.540

Cos φ0 = 0.3

Φ0 = 72.540

K = V2/V1 = 110/440 = ¼

I’2 = KI2 = 120 x ¼ = 30 A

I0 = 6A

Angle between I0& I’2

= 72.54 – 36.54

= 35.670

From vector diagram,

I1 = √(62 + 302 + 2 x 6 x 30 cos 35.67)

I1 = 35.05 A

Q4) A – 100 KVA transformer has 500 turns on primary and 80 turns on secondary. The primary and secondary resistances are 0.3 and 0.01 Ω respectively and the corresponding leakage reactances are 1.1 and 0.035 Ω. The supply voltage is 2400 V. Find

(i). Equivalent impedance referred to primary

(ii). Voltage regulation and the secondary terminal voltage for full load having pf 0.8 lagging?

Sol. Equivalent impedance referred to primary

Z01 = √R201 + X201 = R01 + jX01

R01 = R1 + R2/K2 = 0.3 + 0.01/K2 = 0.69 Ω

K = 80/500 = 4/25

X01 = X1 + X2/K2 = 1.1 + 0.035/(0.16)2 = 2.467 Ω

Z01 = 0.69 + j2.46

(ii). Secondary terminal voltage Z02 = K2 Z01

Z02 = 0.018 + j 0.063

= 0.065 ( 74.050

No-load secondary voltage = KV1

= 0.16 x 2400 = 384 V

I2 = 100 x 103/384 = 260.42 A

Full load voltage drop referred to secondary

= I2 (R02 cosφ– X02 Sinφ)

Cosφ = 0.8

Φ = 36.860

Sinφ = 0.6

= 260.42(0.018 x 0.8 – 0.063 x 0.6)

= - 6.094 V

% regn = -6.094/384 x 100

= -1.587

Secondary terminal voltage on-load

= 384 – (-6.094)

= 390.09 V

Q5) In a 50 KVA, 2200/200 V, 1-φ transformer, the iron and full-load copper losses are 400 W and 450 W respectively. Calculate n at unity power factor on (i). Full load (ii). Half-full load?

Sol. (i). Total loss = 400 + 450 = 850 W

F.L output at unity power factor = 50 x 1

= 50 KVA

n = 50 / 50 + .850 = 50/50.850 = 0.98 = 98%

(ii). Half full load, unity pf

= 50 KVA/2 = 25 KVA

Cu loss = 400 x (1/2)2 = 100 W

Iron loss is same = 450 W

Total loss = 100 + 450 = 550 W

n = 25/25 + 0.55 = 25/25.55 = 0.978 = 97.8 %

Q6) A 40 KVA 440/220 V, 1- φ, 50 Hz transformer has iron loss of 300 W. The cu loss is found to be 100 W when delivering half full-load current. Determine (i) n when delivering full load current at 0.8 lagging pf (ii) the percentage of full-load when the efficiency will be max.

Sol. Full load efficiency at 0.8 pf

= 40 x 0.8/(40 x 0.8) + losses

Full load cu loss = (440/220)2 x 100

= 400 W

Iron loss = 400 + 300

= 700 W

n = 40 x 0.8/(40 x 0.8) + 0.7 = 97.8 %

(ii). KVA for maximum / F.L KVA = √ iron loss / F.L cu loss

= √300/400 = 0.866

Q7) The core of a 110 KVA, 10,000/500v, 50 Hz, 1-Φ core type transformer has a cross section of 18 cm x 18 cm. Find the number of HV and LV turns per phase and the emf per turn if the maximum core density does not exceed 1.3 tesla. Assume a stacking factor pf 0.9.

Sol: Bm= 1.3T

Area = (0.18 x 0.18) = 0.032m2

Emf induced in primary

E1 = 4.44 fN1BmA

10000=4.44 x 50 x N1 x 1.3 x 0.032

N1=1082.8

Emf induced in secondary

E2 = 4.44 fN2BmA

500= 4.44 x 50 x N2 x 1.3 x 0.032

N2= 54.14

i) The number of turns is N1=1082.8 and N2= 54.14

Ii) Emf per turn = E1/E2 = N1/N2 = K

=10000/1082=9.24V or 500/54.14=9.23V

Q8) A 1-Φ transformer has 400 turns in primary and 110 turns in the secondary. The cross-sectional area of the secondary. The cross-sectional area of the core is 80cm2. If the primary winding is connected to the 50 Hz supply at 500V. Calculate peak flux density in core.

Sol: As we know Emf induced in primary

E1 = 4.44 fN1BmA

500 = 4.44 x 50 x 400 x Bm x (80x10‑4)

Bm=0.704Wb/m2

Q9) A 2000/200v transformer draws a no-load primary current of 0.6A and absorbs 360 watts find the magnetising and iron loss currents.

Sol: Iron loss current = = 360/2000=0.18A

I20 = I2w + I2µ

Magnetising component Iµ = √I20 – I2w

= √(0.6)2 – (0.18)2

Iµ = 0.57 A

Q.10) A 2200/250 V transformer takes 0.7A at a p.f of 0.4 0n open circuit. Find the magnetising and working component of no load primary current?

Sol: I0= 0.7A

Cosφ0=0.4

Iw= I0 cosφ0

Iw=0.7 x 0.4=0.28A

Magnetising component Iµ = √I20 – I2w

= √(0.7)2 – (0.280)2

Iµ = 0.64 A

Q.11) A single phase transformer has 400 turns in primary and 1000 turns in secondary. The cross-sectional area is 80 cm2. If primary is connected to 50hz at 500V. Voltage induced in secondary?

Sol: As we know Emf induced in primary

E1 = 4.44 fN1BmA

500= 4.44x50x1000xBmx(80x10-4)

Bm= 0.28Wb/m2

The voltage induced in secondary is given as

E1/E2 = N1/N2 = K

E2=1000x500/400=1250V

Q.12) A 200 KVA, 1200/200v, 50 Hz, 1-Φ transformer has a leakage impedance of (0.1 + 0.30) Ω for the HV winding and (0.005 + 0.015) Ω for the LV winding. Find the equivalent winding resistance, reactance and impedance referred to the HV and LV side.

Sol: The Turn ratio is given as E1/E2 = N1/N2 = K

K=6

i) Referring to High Voltage Side

Resistance = R1+K2R2= 0.1+ 62 x 0.005 =0.28ohm

Reactance = X1+K2X2= 0.30+ 62 x0.015 = 0.84ohm

Impedance = √0.282+0.842

=0.880hm

Ii) Referring to Low voltage sides

Resistance= R1/K2+R2= (0.1/62) + 0.005=0.007ohm

Reactance = Reactance HV side/K2=0.84/62=0.013ohm

Impedance = Impedance referring HV/K2= 0.88/62 = 0.024ohm

Q13) When a transformer is connected to a 1200v,50Hz supply the core loss is 900 W, of which 600 is hysteresis and 350 W is eddy current loss. If the applied voltage is raised to 2000V and frequency to 100 Hz. Find new core losses.

Sol: Hysteresis Loss(Wh) α f =P f