Question Bank

Unit 1

1. List out various Drawing papers.

Ans –

Drawing Paper

Drawing paper is made up of variety of qualities and manufactured in sheets or rolls. White drawing papers that will not turn yellow with age or exposure are used for finished drawings, maps, charts, and drawings for photographic reproduction. For pencil layouts and working drawings buff detail papers are preferred as they are easier on the eyes compared to white papers. 

Tracing Paper

Tracing papers are thin papers, natural or transparent, on which drawings are traced, in pencil or ink, and from which blueprints or similar contact prints can be made. In most drafting rooms original drawings are penciled on tracing papers, and blueprints are made directly from these drawings, a practice increasingly successful because of improvements both in papers and in printing.

2. List out various scales.

Ans –

Scales are made in various number of graduations to meet the requirements of many kinds of work. For convenience, scales are classified according to their most-common uses.

Mechanical Engineer’s Scale

These are divided and numbered in such a way that fractions of inches represent inches. The most common ranges are 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and 1 in. To the inch. These scales are known as the size scales because the reduced size also represents the ratio of size, as for example one-eighth size.

Mechanical engineer's scales are almost always "full divided"; that is, the smallest divisions run throughout the entire length.

Civil Engineer’s Scale

These are divided into decimals with divisions ranging from 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 80 to the inch. Such a scale is usually full divided and is sometimes numbered both from left to right and right to left. Civil engineer's scales are most used for plotting and drawing maps, although they are convenient for any work where divisions of the inch in tenths is required.

Metric Scales

Metric scales are supplied in all the styles and sizes and materials of other scales. They are usually full-divided and are numbered in meters, centimeters, or millimeters depending upon the reduction in size. Typical size reductions are: 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:25, 1:33.3, 1:50, 1:75, 1:80, 1: 100, 1: 150. Also available are metric equivalent scales for direct conversion of English scales.

3. What is single stroke lettering?

Ans –

The term "single-stroke," or "one-stroke," does not mean that the entire letter is made without lifting the pencil or pen but that the width of the stroke of the pencil or pen is the width of the stem of the letter.

4. What is Single – stroke vertical Capitals?

Ans –

The vertical, single-stroke, commercial Gothic letter is a standard for titles, reference letters, etc. As for the proportion of width to height, the general rule is that the smaller the letters are, the more extended they should be in width.

A low extended letter is more legible than a high compressed one and at the same time makes a better appearance.

5. What is vertical lower case letters?

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The single-stroke, vertical lower-case letter is not commonly used on machine drawings but is used extensively in map drawing. It is the standard letter for hypsography in government topographic drawing. The bodies are made two-thirds the height of the capitals with the ascenders extending to the capital line and the descenders dropping the same distance below.

6. What is plain scales and its uses?

Ans –

Plain scales: A plain scale consists of a line divided into suitable number of

Equal parts or units, the first of which is sub-divided into smaller parts. Plain scalesrepresent either two units or a unit and its sub-division.

In every scale,

(i) The zero should be placed at the end of the first main division, i.e. between

The unit and its sub-divisions.

(ii) From the zero mark, the units should be numbered to the right and its

Sub-divisions to the left.

(iii) The names of the units and the sub-divisions should be stated clearly belowor at the respective ends.

(iv) The name of the scale (e.g. Scale, 1: 10) or its R.F. Should be mentioned belowthe scale.

7. What is diagonal scales?

Ans –

A diagonal scale is used when very minute distances suchas 0.1 mm etc. are to be accurately measured or when measurements are requiredin three units; for example, dm, cm and mm, or yard, foot, and inch.

Small divisions of short lines are obtained by the principle of diagonal division, asexplained below.

Drawings are scaled so that the objects represented can be illustratedclearly on standard sizes of paper. It would be difficult,for example, to make a full-size drawing of a house. You mustdecrease the displayed size, or scale, of the house to fi t properlyon a sheet. Another example is a small machine part thatrequires you to increase the drawing scale to show necessarydetail. Machine parts areoften drawn full size or even two, four,or ten times larger than full size, depending on the actual sizeof the part.

8. Explain use of curves in Engineering Drawing?

Ans –

Curve rulers, called "irregular curves" or "French curves," are used to draw curved lines other than circular arcs. The patterns for these curves are laid out in parts of ellipse and spirals or other mathematical curves in various combinations. For the student, one ellipse curve of the general shape or one spiral, either a logarithmic spiral is a useful small curve.