ENGINEERING GRAPHICS AND DESIGN
UNIT 6
Overview of Computer Graphics
QUESTION BANK
Q.1 Explain computer technologies that impact on graphical communication?
Graphic communication as the name suggests is communication using graphic elements. These elements include symbols such as glyphs and icons, images such as drawings and photographs, and can include the passive contributions of substrate, color and surroundings. It is the process of creating, producing, and distributing material incorporating words and images to convey data, concepts, and emotions.
The field of graphic communications encompasses all phases of the graphic communications processes from origination of the idea (design, layout, and typography) through reproduction, finishing and distribution of two- or three-dimensional products or electronic transmission.
Q.2 What are the elements for CAD drawing?
CAD uses four basic elements for preparation of any drawing:
1. Line
2. Curves
3. Text
4. Filling point.
Q 3. What are the four main screens in AUTOCAD
Advanced computer aided drafting packages utilize four areas on the screen.
1. Drawing Area
2. Command Area
3. Menu Area
4. Tool boxes.
Q.4 Define LINE?
LINE: A line is specified by giving its two end points or first point and the distance of line along with its angle of inclination. A line can be drawn by using two commands. Command: line Specify first point: Specify a point
(1) Specify next point or [Undo]: Specify a point
(2) The second point can be indicated by @d.
Q.5 Explain Units?
The format for display co – ordinates and measurement can be selected according to the requirement. Several measurement styles are available in ACAD. The main methods are engineering and architectural, having specific base unit assigned to them.
i. Decimal: select to enter and display measurements in decimal notation
Ii. Engineering: Display measurements in feet and decimal inches.
Iii. Architectural: Display measurements in feet, inches and fractional inches
Iv. Fractional: Display measurements in mixed numbers notation
v. Scientific: Display measurements in scientific notation. The precision that is specified controls the number of decimal places or fractional size to which we want linear measurements displayed.
Q.6 Define angles?
Angles: Select the format in which we want to enter and display angles.
i. Decimal Degrees: Display partial degrees as decimals
Ii. Deg/Min/Sec: Display partial degrees as minutes and seconds.
Iii. Grades: Display Angles as grades
Iv. Radians: Display angles as radians.
v. Surveyor: Displays angles in surveyor units.
Q7. Define angle measures?
c. Angle measure: Select the direction of the zero angle for the entry of angles:
i. East: Select to specify the compass direction east as the zero angle.
Ii. North: Select to specify the compass direction north as the zero angle.
Iii. West: Select to specify the compass direction west as the zero angle.
Iv. South: Select to specify the compass direction south as the zero angle.
v. Other: Select to specify a direction different from the points of the compass as the zero angles.
Q8. Explain the steps for erasing an object and zoom?
ERASING OF OBJECT: The object can be removed or erased by use of erase command ERASE This removes object from drawing At the command prompt, enter erase Select objects: use an object selection method.
ZOOM : This increases or decreases the apparent size of objects in the current view port At the command prompt,
enter zoom All/center/dynamic/extents/left/previous/vmax/window/:enter an option or value ,specify a point ,or press enter
Q.9 Explain Transformations?
TRANSFORMATIONS: These are the modifications in the drawn objects. There are different types of transformations used
1. MOVE: This allows to move or displace objects a specified distance in a specified direction
At the command prompt, enter move Select objects: use an object selection method Base point or displacement: specify a base point
(1) Second point of displacement: specify a point
(2) or press enter
2. COPY: This is used for producing a duplicate copy of the drawing. At the command prompt, enter copy Select objects: use an object selection method /multiple: specify a base point
(1) For a single copy or enter m for multiple copies
3. ROTATE: It moves objects about a base point At the command prompt, enter rotate Select objects: use an object selection method /reference: specify an angle or enter r.
4. STRETCH: This moves or stretches objects .AutoCAD stretches lines, arcs, elliptical arcs, splines, rays and polyline segments that cross the selection window. At the command prompt, enter stretch Select objects: use the CPOLYGON or cross object selection method
(1,2) Base point or displacement: specify a point
(3) or press Second point of displacement: specify a point ($) or press
5. EXTEND: This extends an object to meet another object. Objects that can be extended include arcs, elliptical arcs, lines, open 2D, and 3Dpolylines and rays. At command prompt, enter extend
Q.10 Explain DIMENSIONING IN DRAWINGS?
The dimensions are inserted in the drawing by use of DIM command. There are various types of dimensions used in AutoCAD.
Linear dimensions: Horizontal- this allows horizontal dimensions Vertical- this allows vertical dimensions Aligned- this allows inclined dimensions Rotated- this allows inclined dimensions
Angular dimensions: This allows angular dimensioning of objects
Radial dimensions: This allows radial dimensioning of arc or circle
Diametric dimensions: This allows diameteral dimensions of the circle. For dimensioning of objects, the first point and second point has to be specified. The dimension text must be written and then the position of dimension must be specified at the command prompt ,enter dim
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS AND DESIGN
UNIT 6
Overview of Computer Graphics
QUESTION BANK
Q.1 Explain computer technologies that impact on graphical communication?
Graphic communication as the name suggests is communication using graphic elements. These elements include symbols such as glyphs and icons, images such as drawings and photographs, and can include the passive contributions of substrate, color and surroundings. It is the process of creating, producing, and distributing material incorporating words and images to convey data, concepts, and emotions.
The field of graphic communications encompasses all phases of the graphic communications processes from origination of the idea (design, layout, and typography) through reproduction, finishing and distribution of two- or three-dimensional products or electronic transmission.
Q.2 What are the elements for CAD drawing?
CAD uses four basic elements for preparation of any drawing:
1. Line
2. Curves
3. Text
4. Filling point.
Q 3. What are the four main screens in AUTOCAD
Advanced computer aided drafting packages utilize four areas on the screen.
1. Drawing Area
2. Command Area
3. Menu Area
4. Tool boxes.
Q.4 Define LINE?
LINE: A line is specified by giving its two end points or first point and the distance of line along with its angle of inclination. A line can be drawn by using two commands. Command: line Specify first point: Specify a point
(1) Specify next point or [Undo]: Specify a point
(2) The second point can be indicated by @d.
Q.5 Explain Units?
The format for display co – ordinates and measurement can be selected according to the requirement. Several measurement styles are available in ACAD. The main methods are engineering and architectural, having specific base unit assigned to them.
i. Decimal: select to enter and display measurements in decimal notation
Ii. Engineering: Display measurements in feet and decimal inches.
Iii. Architectural: Display measurements in feet, inches and fractional inches
Iv. Fractional: Display measurements in mixed numbers notation
v. Scientific: Display measurements in scientific notation. The precision that is specified controls the number of decimal places or fractional size to which we want linear measurements displayed.
Q.6 Define angles?
Angles: Select the format in which we want to enter and display angles.
i. Decimal Degrees: Display partial degrees as decimals
Ii. Deg/Min/Sec: Display partial degrees as minutes and seconds.
Iii. Grades: Display Angles as grades
Iv. Radians: Display angles as radians.
v. Surveyor: Displays angles in surveyor units.
Q7. Define angle measures?
c. Angle measure: Select the direction of the zero angle for the entry of angles:
i. East: Select to specify the compass direction east as the zero angle.
Ii. North: Select to specify the compass direction north as the zero angle.
Iii. West: Select to specify the compass direction west as the zero angle.
Iv. South: Select to specify the compass direction south as the zero angle.
v. Other: Select to specify a direction different from the points of the compass as the zero angles.
Q8. Explain the steps for erasing an object and zoom?
ERASING OF OBJECT: The object can be removed or erased by use of erase command ERASE This removes object from drawing At the command prompt, enter erase Select objects: use an object selection method.
ZOOM : This increases or decreases the apparent size of objects in the current view port At the command prompt,
enter zoom All/center/dynamic/extents/left/previous/vmax/window/:enter an option or value ,specify a point ,or press enter
Q.9 Explain Transformations?
TRANSFORMATIONS: These are the modifications in the drawn objects. There are different types of transformations used
1. MOVE: This allows to move or displace objects a specified distance in a specified direction
At the command prompt, enter move Select objects: use an object selection method Base point or displacement: specify a base point
(1) Second point of displacement: specify a point
(2) or press enter
2. COPY: This is used for producing a duplicate copy of the drawing. At the command prompt, enter copy Select objects: use an object selection method /multiple: specify a base point
(1) For a single copy or enter m for multiple copies
3. ROTATE: It moves objects about a base point At the command prompt, enter rotate Select objects: use an object selection method /reference: specify an angle or enter r.
4. STRETCH: This moves or stretches objects .AutoCAD stretches lines, arcs, elliptical arcs, splines, rays and polyline segments that cross the selection window. At the command prompt, enter stretch Select objects: use the CPOLYGON or cross object selection method
(1,2) Base point or displacement: specify a point
(3) or press Second point of displacement: specify a point ($) or press
5. EXTEND: This extends an object to meet another object. Objects that can be extended include arcs, elliptical arcs, lines, open 2D, and 3Dpolylines and rays. At command prompt, enter extend
Q.10 Explain DIMENSIONING IN DRAWINGS?
The dimensions are inserted in the drawing by use of DIM command. There are various types of dimensions used in AutoCAD.
Linear dimensions: Horizontal- this allows horizontal dimensions Vertical- this allows vertical dimensions Aligned- this allows inclined dimensions Rotated- this allows inclined dimensions
Angular dimensions: This allows angular dimensioning of objects
Radial dimensions: This allows radial dimensioning of arc or circle
Diametric dimensions: This allows diameteral dimensions of the circle. For dimensioning of objects, the first point and second point has to be specified. The dimension text must be written and then the position of dimension must be specified at the command prompt ,enter dim
