Unit – 1
Introduction
Q1) What are Elements of Computer System Set-up?
A1) A computer machine consisting elements are given below-
(1) Hardware: Hardware refers to the physical elements of a device. The keyboard, mouse, computer, and processor are among them. A full computer system is made up of input and output machines, which are referred to as hardware.
(2) Software: It is a set of programmes that serve as an interface between a computer system's hardware and its user.
Software are six types-
(a) System software.
(b) Application software.
(c) Operating system.
(d) Utility software.
(e) Language processors.
(f) Connectivity software.
(3) People: people are the most critical component of a computer system. They're also known as operating machine live-ware.
Q2) What are various types of Computer Environments?
A2) Various types of computer environments are-
Personal Computing Environment:
There is only one operating device in the personal computing world. The cpu contains and executes all of the machine operations. Laptops, cell phones, printers, operating systems, scanners, and other equipment make up a personal computing environment.
Time Sharing Computing Environment:
Multiple users can share the device at the same time in a time sharing computing environment. Each consumer is given a time slice, and the processor quickly transitions between them based on it. As a result, each customer assumes they are the only ones that are using the device.
Client Server Computing Environment:
In client-server computing, the client requests a resource, which is then delivered by the server. Although a client is only in touch with one server, a server may handle several clients at the same time. Both the client and the server typically connect over a computer network, but they may also share a single device.
Distributed Computing Environment:
Multiple nodes in a distributed computing system are physically independent but are connected by a network. Many of the nodes in this structure coordinate with one another and work together to complete tasks. A small portion of the distributed operating system programme is stored on one of these nodes.
Cloud Computing Environment:
In a cloud computing world, computing is transferred away from individual computer systems and onto a cloud of machines. Cloud consumers just see the content being delivered, not the internal specifics of how it is delivered. This is accomplished by pooling all computing resources and then using algorithms to manage them.
Cluster Computing Environment:
Since all have several CPUs, the clustered computing environment is identical to the parallel computing environment. Clustered systems, on the other hand, are made up of two or more discrete computer systems that are combined together and then operate in parallel.
Q3) Write a short note on components of a computer system.
A3) Input Unit, Central Processing Unit, and Output Unit are the three major elements of a computer system. These components make up a computer's architecture and serve as its building blocks.
The following diagram clearly shows the relationship between these elements:
(1) Input Unit:
The input machine is in charge of managing the multiple input instruments used to input data into the computer. The mouse, keyboard, light pen, optical scanner, and other input devices are widely used. Although some input instruments, such as optical character recognition (OCR), magnetic ink character recognition (MICR), and bar code readers, are designed for specific applications, others are not.
(1) Central Processing Unit (CPU):
Maintains data flow through the system by steering data into the system, storing it in memory, and extracting it as required to generate the output.
CPU has three parts:
(a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU):
It tells different processing devices, such as the printer, graphic plotter, speech synthesiser, and monitor (also known as the Visual Display Unit or VDU), to produce and show the user's requested output. It ensures that the output can be translated into a user-friendly format.
(b) Memory unit:
Before the data can be accessed for processing, it must first be stored in the computer's memory blocks.
(c) Control unit:
The control unit, as the name implies, supervises and coordinates the operations of all computer system elements. It reads information from memory, decodes instructions, monitors their execution, and fetches the next instruction, and so on.
(2) Output Unit:
It directs various processing instruments, such as the printer, graphic plotter, speech synthesiser, and monitor (also known as the Visual Display Unit or VDU), to generate and present the requested output to the user. It means that the output can be converted into a human-readable format that the user can understand.
Q4) What are various terms to describe Generation Language?
A4) Any of the following terms can be used to describe a generation language:
1. Computer languages are low-level languages known as first generation languages, or 1GL.
2. Second-generation languages, or 2GL, are also assembly languages with a low degree of abstraction. They're used in kernels and hardware drives, but they're most commonly used in video processing and video gaming.
3. High-level languages such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Visual Basic are examples of third-generation languages, or 3GL.
4. Fourth-generation languages, or 4GL, are made up of sentences that are identical to those used in human languages. Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, and SQL are examples of fourth generation languages that are widely used in database programming and scripts.
5. The fifth-generation languages, also known as 5GL, are programming languages that provide visual tools to aid in the development of a software. Mercury, OPS5, and Prolog are examples of fifth-generation languages.
Q5) Describe various parts of CPU.
A5) CPU has three parts:
(a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU):
It tells different processing devices, such as the printer, graphic plotter, speech synthesiser, and monitor (also known as the Visual Display Unit or VDU), to produce and show the user's requested output. It ensures that the output can be translated into a user-friendly format.
(b) Memory unit:
Before the data can be accessed for processing, it must first be stored in the computer's memory blocks.
(c) Control unit:
The control unit, as the name implies, supervises and coordinates the operations of all computer system elements. It reads information from memory, decodes instructions, monitors their execution, and fetches the next instruction, and so on.
Q6) Short note on Output Unit.
A6)It directs various processing instruments, such as the printer, graphic plotter, speech synthesiser, and monitor (also known as the Visual Display Unit or VDU), to generate and present the requested output to the user. It means that the output can be converted into a human-readable format that the user can understand.
Q7) Define Input Unit.
A7) The input machine is in charge of managing the multiple input instruments used to input data into the computer. The mouse, keyboard, light pen, optical scanner, and other input devices are widely used. Although some input instruments, such as optical character recognition (OCR), magnetic ink character recognition (MICR), and bar code readers, are designed for specific applications, others are not.
Q8) What is Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)?
A8) It tells different processing devices, such as the printer, graphic plotter, speech synthesiser, and monitor (also known as the Visual Display Unit or VDU), to produce and show the user's requested output. It ensures that the output can be translated into a user-friendly format.
Q9) How many types of Softwares are found in computer system?
A9) Software are six types-
(a) System software.
(b) Application software.
(c) Operating system.
(d) Utility software.
(e) Language processors.
(f) Connectivity software.