Unit 5 | unit 5 two port network and network functions

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Electrical Circuit Analysis

Unit 5

Two Port Network and Network Functions

Q1) Explain two-port networks?

A1)

The parameters of a two- port network is called as two port network parameters. The types are: -

Z parameters
Y parameters
T parameters
T’ parameters
h-parameters
g-parameters

Q2) Explain impedance parameters?

A2)

Z parameters:

The following set of two equations by considering variables V1 & V2 as dependent and I1 & I2 as independent. The coefficients of independent variables, I1 and I2 are called as Z parameters.

V1 = Z11 I1 + Z12 I2

V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2

The Z parameters are:

Z11 = V1 I1 when I2 =0

Z12 = V1 I2 when I1=0

Z21= V2I1 when I2 =0

Z22 = V2I1 when I2 =0

The Z parameters are called as impedance parameters because these are the ratio of volatges and currents.

To calculate Z11 and Z21 by doing open circuit of port2. Similiarly the other two parameters Z12 and Z22 are calculated by doing open circuit of port1.

Q3) Explain admittance parameters?

A3)

The set of equations can be obtained by considering I1 and I2 as dependent and V1 and V2 as independent. The co-effecients of independent variables V1 and V2 are called as Y parameters.

I1 = Y11 V1 + Y12 V2

I2 = Y21 V1 + Y22 V2

Y parameters are called as admittance parameters because these are simply, the ratios of currents and voltages. Units of Y parameters are mho.

Q4) Explain T parameters?

A4)

The set of equations can be obtained by considering V1 and I1 as dependent and V2 and I2 as independent. The coefficients V2 and I2 are called as T parameters.

V1 = A V2 – B I2

I1 = C V2 – D I2

The T parameters are :

A = V1/V2 when I2 =0

B = -V1 / I2 when V2 =0

C = I1/V2 when I2 =0

D = -I1/I2 when V2 =0

Q5) Explain h parameters?

A5)

The following set of two equations by considering the variables V1 and I2 as dependent and I1 and V2 as independent. The coefficient of independent variables I1 and V2 are called as h-parameters.

V1 = h11 I1 + h12 V2

I2 = h21 I1 + h22 V2

The h parameters are:

h 11 = V1/I1 when V2 =0

h 12 = V1 / V2 when I1=0

h21 = I2/I1 when V2 =0

h22 = I2/V2 when I1 =0

h-parameters are called as hybrid parameters. The parameters, h12 and h21, do not have any units, since those are dimension-less. The units of parameters, h11 and h22, are Ohm and Mho respectively.

Q6) Explain g-parameters?

A6)

The following set of two equations can be obtained by considering the variables I1 & V2 as dependent and V1 & I2 as independent. The coefficients of independent variables, V1 and I2 are called as g-parameters.

I1=g11V1+g12I2I1

V2=g21V1+g22I2

The g-parameters are

g11=I1V1, whenI2=0

g12=I1I2, whenV1=0

g21=V2V1, whenI2=0

g22=V2I2, whenV1=0

g-parameters are called as inverse hybrid parameters.

Q7) Explain two port terminals?

A7)

A two-port network requires two terminal pairs (total 4 terminals). Two voltages and two currents are shown and two are independently specified.

By convention, regard Port 1 as Input and Port 2 as Output.

C 4 2 = (4/2) = 4!/ 2! (4-2)! = 24 / 2 x 2 = 6.

Q8) Find the Z-model and Y-model of the circuit

A8)

First assume I2 , we get

Assume I1 =0 we get

The parameters of the Y-model can be found as the inverse of :

Q9) Explain the combination of two port terminals?

A9)

Series connection of two 2-port networks: ${\bf Z}={\bf Z}_1+{\bf Z}_2$
Parallel connection of two 2-port networks: ${\bf Y}={\bf Y}_1+{\bf Y}_2$
Cascade connection of two 2-port networks: ${\bf A}={\bf A}_1 \cdot {\bf A}_2$

The circuit shown below contains a two-port network represented by a Z-model:

The input voltage is with an internal impedance and the load impedance is . Find the two voltages V1, V2 and two currents I1 , I2 $I_2$ .

First according to Z-model we have

V1 = Z11 I1 + Z 12 I 2 = 4 I1 + j 3 I2

V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2 = j 3I1 + 2 I2

Second two more equations can be obtained from the circuit.

V1 = Vo – Zo I1 = 3 – 5 I1

V2 = -ZL I2 = -4I2

Substituting the last two equations for V1 and V2 into the first two we get

9 I1 + j 3 I2 = 3

j 3 I1 + 6 I 2 =0

Solving we get

I1 = 2/7 , I2 = -j/7 , V1 =11/7 , V2 = j4/7

Q10) Explain impedance parameters?

A10)

[V1] = [Z11 Z12][I1]

[V2] =[ Z21 Z22] [I2]

V1 = Z11 I1 + Z12 I2

V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2

Determine Z parameters

Z11 = V1/I1 |I2 =0 open circuit input impedance

Z22 = V2/I2 |I1 =0 Open circuit output impedance

Z12 = V1/I2 | I1 =0

Z21 = V2/I1 |I2 =0

Q11) Explain admittance parameters?

A11)

I1 = Y11 V1 + Y 12 V2

I 2 = Y21 V1 + Y 22 V2

To determine Y parameters:

y11 = I1/V1 |V2=0 ----- short circuit input admittance

y22 = I2/V2 |V1=0 ---- short circuit output admittance

y12 = I1/V2 |v1=0

y21 = I2/V1 |v2=0 trans admittance

Q12) Explain transmittance parameters?

A12)

The voltage and current in the output and input terminals of a two-port network are given by the equations shown below

Vs = A Vr + B Ir

Is = C Vr + D Ir

Vs = sending end voltage

Is = sending end current

Vr = receiving end voltage

Ir = receiving end current

A, B, C and D are the constants also known as the transmission parameters or chain parameters. These parameters are used for the analysis of an electrical network.

For open circuit

In the open circuit, the output terminals are open, and the voltage measure across them is Vr. Since the circuit is open at the receiving end, the current Ir remains zero.

Vs = A Vr + B0

Vs = A Vr +0

A = Vs/Vr | Ir =0

From above equations, we get the value of A parameter which is the ratio of sending end voltage to the receiving end voltage.

Similarly, if Ir =0 is substituted in current equation,

Is = CVr + D0

Is = CVr +0

C = Is/Vr | Ir =0
we get the value of c parameter which is the ratio of the sending end voltage to the current. Its unit is Siemens.

For short circuit