Unit – 6
- What do you mean by Computer Graphics covering?
2. What are the impact cause by computer technologies that impact on
Graphical communication?
Graphic communication as the name suggests is communication using graphic elements. These elements include symbols such as glyphs and icons, images such as drawings and photographs, and can include the passive contributions of substrate, color and surroundings. It is the process of creating, producing, and distributing material incorporating words and images to convey data, concepts, and emotions.
The field of graphic communications encompasses all phases of the graphic communications processes from origination of the idea (design, layout, and typography) through reproduction, finishing and distribution of two- or three-dimensional products or electronic transmission.
3. Write in brief the menu system of CAD software?
On the Initial Screen, click Start Drawing to open a new drawing file. The drawing file consists of a graphics window, ribbon, menu bar, toolbars, command line, and other screen components, depending on the workspace that you have selected.
Workspaces in AutoCAD
There are three workspaces available in AutoCAD: Drafting & Annotation, 3D Basics, and 3D Modeling. By default, the Drafting & Annotation workspace is activated. You can create 2D drawings in this workspace. You can also activate other workspaces by using the Workspace drop-down on the top-left corner or the Workspace Switching menu on the lower-right corner of the window.
Drafting & Annotation Workspace
This workspace has all the tools to create a 2D drawing. It has a ribbon located at the top of the screen. The ribbon is arranged in a hierarchy of tabs, panels, and tools. Panels such as Draw, Modify, and Layers consist of tools which are grouped based on their usage. Panels in turn are grouped into various tabs. For example, the panels such as Draw, Modify, and Layers are located in the Home tab.
Application Menu
The Application Menu appears when you click on the icon located at the top left corner of the window. The Application Menu consists of a list of self-explanatory menus. You can see a list of recently opened documents or a list of currently opened documents by clicking the Recent Documents and Open Documents buttons, respectively. The Search Bar is used to search for any command. You can type any keyword in the search bar and find a list of commands related to it.
4. What are the toolbars present in cad?
Quick Access Toolbar
This is located at the top left corner of the window and helps you to access commands, quickly. It consists of commonly used commands such as New, Save, Open, Save As, and so on.
Navigation Bar
The Navigation Bar contains navigation tools such as Steering wheel, Pan, Zoom, Orbit, and Show Motion.
5. What do you mean by drawing area?
Setting Grid and Snap
Grid is the basic drawing setting. It makes the graphics window appear like a graph paper. You can turn ON the grid display by clicking the Grid
icon on the status bar or just pressing F7 on the keyboard.
Snap is used for drawing objects by using the intersection points of the grid lines. When you turn the Snap Mode ON, you will be able to select only grid points. In the following example, you will learn to set the grid and snap settings.
Setting the Limits of a drawing
You can set the limits of a drawing by defining its lower-left and top-right corners. By setting Limits of a drawing, you will define the size of the drawing area. In AutoCAD, limits are set to some default values. However, you can redefine the limits to change the drawing area as per your requirement.
Type Limits at the command line and press ENTER.
Type 0,0 and press ENTER to define the lower limit.
Now, you need to define the upper limit.
Type 80,50 and press ENTER key.
On the Navigate Bar, click Zoom > Zoom All; the graphics window will be zoomed to the limits.
Setting the Line weight
Line weight is the thickness of the objects that you draw. In AutoCAD, there is a default line weight assigned to objects. However, you can set a new line weight. The method to set the line weight is explained below.
On the Status bar, click the Customization 
option, and then select Line Weight from the flyout. This shows the Line Weight icon on the status bar.
Activate the Show/Hide Line weight
icon located on the status bar.
Right click on the Show/Hide Line weight icon, and then select Line weight Settings. The Line weight Settings dialog appears.
On the Line weight Settings dialog, select 0.40 mm from the Default drop-down.
Click OK.
Type L in the command line and press ENTER.
Type 10,10 and press ENTER to define the first point.
Move the pointer horizontally toward right and click on the sixth grid point from the first point.
Move the pointer vertically upwards and select the third grid point from the second point.
Move the pointer horizontally toward left and select the second grid point from the previous point.
6. What is the work of Shortcut Menus?
Shortcut Menus appear when you right-click in the graphics window. AutoCAD provides various shortcut menus in order to help you access tools and options very easily and quickly. There are various types of shortcut menus available in AutoCAD. Some of them are discussed next.
Right-click Menu
This shortcut menu appears whenever you right-click in the graphics window without activating any command or selecting any object.
Select and Right-click menu
This shortcut menu appears when you select an object from the graphics window and right-click. It consists of editing and selection options.
Command Mode shortcut menu
This shortcut menu appears when you activate a command and right-click. It shows options depending upon the active command. The shortcut menu below shows the options related to the RECTANGLE command.
7. Explain the work of command line?
The command line is docked in the bottom left of the drawing area and displays prompts, options, and messages. The command line is used to input commands, typically by using a keyboard, as an alternative to using the command palette that is in the bottom of the left-side panel.
Notice that as you start to type a command, you'll see command suggestions. When several possibilities are available such as in the example below, you can make your choice by clicking the desired option, or by using the arrow keys and then pressing Enter.
When a commmand is in progress, or "active," you might see prompts or options within the command. For instance, in the example below, if the CIRCLE command is active, and you want to switch the specification style for a circle to 3-point, 2-point, or tangent-tangent-radius, you can use the command line.
8. Write a short note on Status Bar.
Status Bar is located at the bottom of the AutoCAD window. It contains many buttons which help you to create a drawing very easily. You can turn ON or OFF these buttons just by clicking on them. Some buttons are hidden by default. You can display more buttons on the status bar by clicking the Customization button at the bottom right corner and selecting the options from the menu. The buttons available on the status bar are briefly discussed in the following section.
9. What is the work of Zoom tools?
Using the zoom tools, you can magnify or reduce a drawing. You can use these tools to view the minute details of an overly complicated drawing. The Zoom tools can be accessed from the Navigation Bar, Command line, and Menu Bar.
Zooming with the Mouse Wheel
Zooming using the mouse wheel is one of the easiest methods.
Roll the mouse wheel forward to zoom into a drawing.
Roll the mouse wheel backwards to zoom out of the drawing.
Press the mouse wheel and drag the mouse to pan the drawing.
Using Zoom Extents
Using the Zoom Extents tool, you can zoom to the extents of the largest object in a drawing.
Click Zoom Extents on the Navigation Bar.
You can also double-click on the mouse wheel to zoom to extents.
Using Zoom-Window
Using the Zoom-Window tool, you can define the area to be magnified by selecting two points representing a rectangle.
Click Zoom > Zoom Window on the Navigation Bar.
Specify the first point of the zoom window, as shown.
Move the pointer diagonally toward right, and then specify the second point, as shown.
The area inside the window will be magnified.
Using Zoom-Previous
After magnifying a small area of the drawing, you can use the Zoom-Previous tool to return to the previous display.
Click Zoom > Zoom Previous on the Navigation Bar.
10. Short note on Erase?
Erase: This command deletes the selected entities. A record of entities erased is always maintained. The most recent entity can be unerased by OOPS command.
