BTAP
To curb the haphazard growth of towns or cities. To facilitate future use of land, widening of streets, controlling the ribbon development in an area. To reduce pollution in area by restricting population density in an area there by providing hygienic environment. To ensure that every citizen will receive facilities like water supply, sanitation, ventilation, electric supply, parking and safety. To help architects, engineers in planning and design of every civil engineering construction. To ensure that every citizen will safe against fire, pollution, health hazards and building failure. The minimum size of plot in residential zone shall be 50 sq.m. Each plot shall have a minimum size and width corresponding to the type of development as given in Table.
For special housing schemes, for low-income group and economically weaker section of society and slum clearance schemes, the minimum plot size shall be 20 sq.m. with a minimum width of 3.6 m or the size as prescribed by government from time to time. The width of plot shall not less than 15 m and the size of plot shall not be less than 300 sq.m. The minimum size of plots for building for other uses like business, educational, mercantile, petrol filling station etc. shall be decided by authority given below. Minimum size of plot shall be on the basis of seating capacity of the building at the rate of 3 sq. m per seat or as prescribed by government from time to time. The minimum size of plot shall be 1000 sq. m. The minimum size of plot shall be The approach to the buildings from road/street/internal means of access should be through paved pathways of width not less than 1.5 m provided its length is not more than 20 m from the main/internal mean of access, provided that there is a minimum set back of 2 m between the edge of the pathways and front wall of the building. The residential plots front should on public means of access like street / road. The plots which front not on a street / road should about/ front on a mean of access. Adequate lighting and ventilation are basic requirements of rooms, open spaces are also provided inside and around residential buildings. In case of buildings with adjoining streets, open space will provide scope for future widening of streets. Some standard open distances left inside plot around buildings are as follows: The floor area ratio (FAR) is a number that denotes the maximum floor space that can be constructed on a given piece of land. In other words, it is a ratio between a building's total constructed floor area and the land area. It is also known as Floor Space Index (FSI). F.A.R. = Total built up area/land area It is the ratio of volume to plot area (VPR). It controls the volume and height of buildings in the specified land use zone. It decides the height and size of building to be constructed. It also influences the property or building price. It is the line up to which the plinth of a building adjoining from the centre of the street or an extension of a street in future may lawfully extend, it is also called as set back or front building line. In public building such as cinema halls, factories, commercial buildings which are generally overcrowded attracts large number of vehicles should be set back a further distance apart from the building line. The line up to which such buildings are constructed is known as control line. Generally, these control lines are from the centre of a joining street or road may about one and half times that of building line. In development plan of each city present width and future likely widening of each street and road is marked. The area covered by the building immediately above the plinth level. It is also known as covered area. Built up area = carpet area + thickness of wall + balcony Area excluding walls in the built- up area is called as carpet area. Carpet area = built up area – area of wall The empty space around the building is called set back area. Set back area = plot area – built up area The total area covered by an apartment building including common areas like a park, gardens, playgrounds, swimming pool, gym, & club house etc. Direction and speed of wind currents outside, and size & disposition of openings. Convection effects arising from temperature of vapor pressure difference between inside & outside the room and the difference in height between the inlet and outlet openings (stack effect). 1/10th of the floor area for dry hot climate 1/6th of the floor area for wet hot climate 1/8th of the floor area for intermediate climate 1/12th of the floor area for cold climate we get natural light from windows, doors, ventilators, skylights. By using glass material over windows, wall partitions. we get this through electrical means. This are available in various range in colour, power, sizes, designs The movement of people and goods between interior spaces in buildings and to entrances and exits. Every space a person could access or occupy forms part of the circulation system of a building, when we talk about circulation, we typically don’t try to account for where every person might go. Instead, we often approximate the main routes of the majority of users. To simplify further, architects divide their thinking according to different types of circulation, which overlay with one another and the overall planning. The type and extent of these divisions will be project dependant, but might include: Direction of movement: horizontal or vertical; Type of use: public or private, front of house or back of house; Frequency of use: common or emergency; and Time of use: morning, day, evening, continuous. Types of circulation, direction and use are often critical to a building layout. It is a horizontal section cut through a building showing walls, windows and door openings and other features at that level. The plan view includes anything that could be seen below that level: the floor, stairs, fittings and sometimes furniture. Objects above the plan level (e.g. beams overhead) can be indicated as dashed lines. Also called as FLOOR PLAN. Floor plans are not top view or bird’s eye view. Level of this plan are 4ft.above from the floor level. An elevation is a view of side of a building. Usually there are 4 main elevations - North, South, West, & East. Elevation shows the building height, length, width, placement of windows, etc. It is a horizontal orthographic projection a building on to a vertical plane, the vertical plane normally being parallel to one side of the building. This drawing can reveal the relationship between the different parts of the building that might not be apparent on plan drawings. Plan drawings are in fact a type of section, but they cut through the building on a horizontal rather than vertical plane. In this drawing we give the detail of beam level, slab level, lintel level, staircase detail, etc. These are used to represent the particular item like stone masonry, brick masonry, concrete etc. in the section of drawing. (i.e.) when the materials are cut by any imaginary plane. Conventional symbols are provided to indicate doors, windows, their fixing, and movement of shutters. Sanitary fixtures like tap, wash basin, western commode, urinals, Kitchen sink, shower etc., symbols are used to indicate the position of electrical fittings like lamp, switch, power socket, fan etc. To indicate positions of furniture on room or in any area, suitable symbols are used.
Unit-2
Building bye laws and introduction to Architectural drawing
Q1) What are the necessity of building byelaws?
A1)
Q2) What are the plot sizes?
A2) Plot sizes for various zones are as follows:
1. Residential and commercial zones:
Sr.No. | Type of Development | Plot size(m2) or (Sq.m) | Minimum width of frontage(m) |
1 | Row House type building | 50-125 | 4.5 to 8 |
2 | Semi-detached building | 125-250 | 8 to 12 |
3 | Detached Building | Above250 | Above 12 |
2.Industrial zones
3.Other Building
(a) Cinema Assembly halls:
(b) Mangal karyalaya:
(c) Petrol filling station:
30.50 x 15.75 m: Petrol filling station without service bay.
36.5 x 30.5 m: Petrol filling station with service bay.
Q3) What is Road Width?
A3)
Q4) What is open space?
A4)
On front and rear side – 3m
Side margin – 2m
Q5) What is Floor Area Ratio?
A5)
Q6) What is V.P.R?
A6)
Q7) What is the concept of Building line?
A7)
Q8) What is the concept of Control line?
A8)
Q9) What is Built-up area?
A9)
Q10) What is Carpet area?
A10)
Q11) What is Setback Area?
A11)
Q12) What is Super Built-up area?
A12)
Q13) What are the rules for ventilation?
A13)
The rate of ventilation by natural means through windows or other openings depends on:
Min. area for opening –
Q14) What are the types of Lighting?
A14) Natural Light:
Artificial Light:
Q15) What is vertical Circulation?
A15)
Q16) Explain Concept of Line plan?
A16) Line Plan show the outside wall line (for exterior walls). For interior walls the line would represent the center of the wall. Also called as SINGLE LINE PLAN.
For ex.
Q17) Explain Concept of developed plan?
A17)
Q18) Explain concept of Elevation?
A18)
Q19) Explain Concept of section?
A19)
Q20) What are the symbols as per IS 962?
A20)
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