Unit - 1

Web Essentials and Mark-up language- HTML

Q1) What is the internet?

A1) Internet

●      Alternative name to internet is either the net or web.

●      The internet is also considered a Superhighway for transmitting information.

●      It is the largest network in the world that connects hundreds of thousands of individual networks all over the world. The Internet moves your ideas and information from one place to another place.

Fig 1: Internet

How to access the Internet

●      The Internet utilizes the TCP/IP protocol and is accessed using a computer modem, broadband network that is connected through an ISP (Internet Service Provider).

●      An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is an organization which provides services for accessing and using the internet.

●      In the case of broadband, many computers use Wi-Fi to connect to router that is connected to the ISP.

●      Many of the institutes, schools and businesses have direct access to the Internet using special high-speed communication lines and equipment.

●      Students and employees can access through the organization’s Local Area Networks (LAN) or through their own personal computers.

●      As the Internet contains billions of web pages created by different companies from around the world, the search engine is used for finding information on the Internet.

Q2) What is the use of the internet?

A2) Uses of the Internet:

●      Files, pictures, songs, and video can be shared by downloading (receiving) and uploading (sending).

●      Send e-mail messages.

●      The Internet is also used for communicating with others through social networks, online games, forums, chat, e-mails etc.

●      Participate in discussion groups, such as mailing lists and newsgroups.

●      Surfing the web.

●      To make life more convenient, the internet also provides thousands of services. For example, many financial Companies offer online banking that enables a user to manipulate and view their account online.

Q3) What is internet protocol?

A3) Internet Protocols (IP) are a set of rules that regulate data transmission and communication over the internet. In order to transfer data, both the sender and the receiver must use the same protocols. Let's use the example of a language to better comprehend it. Any language has its unique vocabulary and grammar that we must learn if we want to communicate effectively in that language. Similarly, anytime we access a website or send data to another device over the internet, these operations are governed by a set of rules known as internet protocols.

Working of internet protocol

Data is organised into small chunks called packets on the internet and many other data networks. The underlying hardware and software divides each large data packet transferred between two network devices into smaller packets. Each network protocol specifies how data packets must be arranged in accordance with the protocols that the network supports.

Q4) Write the types of internet protocol?

A4) Types of internet protocol

Different types of Internet Protocols are used for different purposes: -

●      Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

●      Internet Protocol (IP)

●      User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

●      Post office Protocol (POP)

●      Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)

●      File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

●      Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

●      Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

●      Telnet

●      Gopher

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): TCP is a well-known communication protocol for sending and receiving data over a network. It separates any communication into a series of packets that are sent from the source to the destination, where they are reassembled.

These are a collection of universal rules that allow various types of computers to communicate with one another. The IP protocol ensures that each machine connected to the Internet has a unique serial number, which is known as an IP address. TCP defines how data is transmitted over the internet and how IP packets should be split down. It also ensures that the packets contain information about the message's source, destination, and the order in which the message data should be reassembled, as well as ensuring that the message was sent correctly to the specified destination.

Internet Protocol (IP): IP was created with the intention of being used as an addressing protocol. It's most commonly associated with TCP. Packets with IP addresses are routed through multiple nodes in a network until they reach their destination system. TCP/IP is the most widely used protocol for networking.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP): UDP is a loss-tolerant and low-latency communication protocol that works as a replacement for the Transmission Control Protocol.

Post office Protocol (POP): POP3 is a protocol for receiving incoming electronic mail. It has two Message Access Agents (MAAs) for accessing messages from the mailbox: one is a client MAA (Message Access Agent) and the other is a server MAA (Message Access Agent). This protocol allows us to retrieve and handle emails sent to the receiver's computer from the mailbox on the receiver's mail server. Between the receiver and the receiving mail server, this is implied.

Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP): SMTP is a protocol for sending and distributing outgoing email. For sending and distributing outgoing emails, certain protocols are essential. This protocol extracts the recipient's email address from the message's header and adds the message to the outgoing mail queue. And as soon as the email is delivered to the recipient's email address, it is removed from the outgoing list.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Users can move files from one system to another using FTP. Program files, multimedia files, text files, and documents, among others, are examples of file types.

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP): HTTP is a protocol for exchanging hypertext between two or more systems. Links are created using HTML tags. These links can take any form, including text and graphics. HTTP is based on client-server concepts, allowing a client system to connect to a server machine in order to send a request. The server acknowledges the client's request and responds as appropriate.

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) is an acronym for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. Secure is a standard protocol for securing communication between two computers, one of which is using a browser and the other is retrieving information from a web server. HTTP is a hypertext transfer protocol that transfers data between a client browser (request) and a web server (answer) in a hypertext format. HTTPS is similar to HTTP, except that the data is transferred in an encrypted format. As a result, https prevents hackers from interpreting or altering data while packets are being transferred.

Telnet: Telnet is a set of rules for connecting two systems via the Internet. Remote login is the phrase used to describe the process of connecting. The local computer initiates the connection request, and the remote computer accepts the connection.

Gopher: Gopher is a set of rules that can be used to search, retrieve, and display documents from remote locations. The client/server model is also used by Gopher.

Q5) Describe the world wide web?

A5) The World Wide Web is a network of interconnected hypertext documents that can be accessed through the Internet. The World Wide Web is a massive array of interconnected pages of information from all over the world.

World Wide Web, which is also known as a Web, is a collection of websites or web pages stored in web servers and connected to local computers through the internet. These websites contain text pages, digital images, audios, videos, etc. Users can access the content of these sites from any part of the world over the internet using their devices such as computers, laptops, cell phones, etc. The WWW, along with the internet, enables the retrieval and display of text and media to your device.

The building blocks of the Web are web pages which are formatted in HTML and connected by links called "hypertext" or hyperlinks and accessed by HTTP. These links are electronic connections that link related pieces of information so that users can access the desired information quickly. Hypertext offers the advantage to select a word or phrase from text and thus to access other pages that provide additional information related to that word or phrase.

A web page is given an online address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A particular collection of web pages that belong to a specific URL is called a website, e.g., www.facebook.com, www.google.com, etc. So, the World Wide Web is like a huge electronic book whose pages are stored on multiple servers across the world.

How to Access the Web

●      A web browser is a special software program that enables you to view web pages on your computer. Browsers connect computers to the Internet and allow people to “surf the web” that is to get the required information.

●      For example web browsers are used to connect you to remote computers, open and transfer files, display text and images.

●      Examples of Web browser: Netscape Navigator (Navigator) and Internet Explorer.

Client/Server Structure of the Web:

●      Web is a collection of files that reside on computers called Web servers that are located all over the world and are connected to each other through the Internet.

●      Your computer becomes a Web client in a worldwide client/server network, when you use internet connection to become part of the web.

●      A Web browser is the software that you run on your computer to make it work as a web client.

Q6) What do you mean by web client and server?

A6) Web material is stored on servers. Because web servers use the HTTP protocol, they are commonly referred to as HTTP servers. These HTTP servers store Internet data and deliver it to HTTP clients when they request it. Clients send HTTP requests to servers, and servers respond with HTTP responses containing the required data, as shown in Figure. HTTP clients and HTTP servers are the foundational elements of the World Wide Web.

Fig 2: Web clients and servers

You almost certainly use HTTP clients on a daily basis. A web browser, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, is the most prevalent client. HTTP items are requested from servers and shown on your screen by web browsers.

The front end, or user side, of the web architecture is the web client. It can be a web browser or a web application that uses the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) to format and transport data from a web server to the end-user, such as documents, photos, videos, and audio files.

The web client connects to web servers via the Internet and offers an interface for end-users to interact with them. It uses HTTP to request data or web content, and the web server uses the same protocol to respond to the web client. Accessibility for all users, faster content loading, mobile compatibility, efficient error handling, and effective navigation are just a few of his important characteristics.

The server is on the other side of the communication connection, serving the document that the client has requested. Virtually, a server appears to be a single machine; however, it could be a collection of servers sharing the load (load balancing), or a complex piece of software interrogating other computers (such as a cache, a database server, or e-commerce servers) to generate the document on demand entirely or partially.

A server does not have to be a single machine; multiple instances of server software can be hosted on the same machine. They may even share the same IP address thanks to HTTP/1.1 and the Host header.

Q7) Define HTML?

A7) HTML was created by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a formatting language used to define the appearance and contents of a web page. On a web page, it helps us to arrange text, images, audio, and video.

Basically Web pages i.e. all HTML documents are linked together by using some links, those links are called HyperText. HTML is a Markup Language which means it refers to the tags which specify how to incorporate text, graphics, sound and the visual elements. For the purpose of defining the structure of documents like headings, paragraphs, lists etc. HTML was developed.

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. HTML elements are represented by tags and these tags are labeled as “title”, ’’heading”, “paragraph'', “table”, and so on. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to extract

The content of the page.

HTML documents are simply text documents with a specific form

●      Documents comprised of content and markup tags,

●      Content: Actual information being conveyed.

●      The markup tags tell the web browser how to display the page.

●      An HTML file must have an .htm or .html file extension.

●      HTML files can be created with text editors like NotePad, NotePad ++, PSPad.

●      An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor.

●      An HTML file is the notation for describing.

●      Document structure (semantic markup).

●      Formatting (presentation markup).

Q8) Write the advantages and disadvantages of HTML?

A8) Advantages of HTML:

●      HTML is a simple but powerful formatting language to use.

●      The Web pages can be linked together using links.

●      HTML documents are device independent.

Disadvantages of HTML:

●      No programming capabilities.

●      Does not provide anything more than formatted text, pictures and sound

Q9) Write the history and version of HTML?

A9) History and Version

Sir Tim Berners-Lee devised HTML in late 1991, but it was not publicly released until 1995 as HTML 2.0. HTML 4.01 was a major version of HTML that was released in late 1999.

HTML is a dynamic markup language that has evolved over time as different versions have been released. Each version has allowed its user to construct web pages in a much easier and beautiful method, as well as making sites very efficient, long before its new standards and specifications are implemented.

The first version of HTML was created using the Standard Generalized Mark up Language (SGML).

In the early years of HTML, Web developers were free to define and modify HTML in whatever ways they thought best.

Competing browsers introduced some differences in the language. The changes were called extensions.

Since the invention of HTML, there have been numerous HTML versions on the market; the following is a brief overview of the HTML versions:

●      HTML 1.0 - The initial version of HTML, version 1.0, was released in 1991 as a barebones version of the HTML language.

●      HTML 2.0 - The following version, issued in 1995, was a standard language version for website creation. Extra functionality including form-based file upload, form components like text boxes, choice buttons, and so on were possible with HTML 2.0.

●      HTML 3.2 - W3C released version 3.2 of HTML in early 1997. This version was capable of constructing tables and supporting additional form element options. It's also capable of supporting a web page containing complicated mathematical equations. It was not until January 1997 that it became an official standard for any browser. It is now realistically supported by the majority of browsers.

●      HTML 4.01 - HTML 4.01 is a fairly stable version of the HTML language that was released in December 1999. This is the current official standard, and it adds support for stylesheets (CSS) and the ability to script certain multimedia features.

●      HTML 5 - HTML5 is the most recent version of the HyperText Markup Language (HTML). In January 2008, the first draught of this edition was released. There are two primary organisations participating in the creation of HTML 5, one being the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) and the other being the WHATWG (Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group), both of which are still under development.

Q10) Describe HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, line break, color and fonts, and links?

A10) Headings

Any document starts with a heading. You can use different sizes for your headings. HTML also has six levels of headings, which use the elements <hl>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, and <h6>. While displaying any heading, browser adds one line before and one line after that heading,

<html>

<head>

<title>Heading Tag<∕title>

<∕head>

<body>

<hl>This is Heading l<∕hl>

<h2>This is Heading 2<∕h2>

<h3>This is Heading 3<∕h3>

<h4>This is Heading 4<∕h4>

<∕body>

<∕html>

The above example produces following output:

This is Heading 1

This is Heading 1

This is Heading 1

This is Heading 1

Paragraphs

The HTML <p> element defines a paragraph. The <p> tag provides a path to structure your text into different paragraphs.

Example:

<p>This is an example of paragraph <∕p>

<p>This is an another example of paragraph <∕p>

Line break

The <br> tag inserts a single line break. The <br> tag is an empty tag which means that you do not need opening and closing tags, as there is nothing to go in between them.

Example:

<html>

<head>

<title> This is Line Break Example <∕title>

<∕head>

<body>

<p>Welcome <br ∕>

Perform all the tasks in well manner. <br ∕>

All the Best <br ∕>

XYZ<∕p>

<∕body>

<∕html>

This will produce the following result:

Welcome

Perform all the tasks in well manner.

All the Best

XYZ

Color and fonts

The <font> tag specifies the font face, font size, and color of text.

The <font> tag is not supported in HTML5. Instead of this tag Cascading Style Sheet (CSS ) is used.

Example:

We can specify the font size, font face and color of a given text by using following syntax:

<font size=”3” color= “Green” >HTML Document!<∕font>

<font size=”2” color= “Red” >HTML Document!<∕font>

<font face=”verdana” color=”Blue”>HTML Document!<∕font>

Links

Basically Hypertext is non-linear - the reader can follow links, jumping from page to page.

The HTML <link> tag is mainly intended for that purpose. We can indicate the relationships between the current document and any other external resources.

Consider following example:

<html>

<head>

<title>HTML Link Tag Example<∕title>

<base href=”http://www.HTML.com/” ∕>

<inkrel-’stylesheet” type- , text∕css” href=7 css∕style.css n>

<∕head>

<body>

<p>Welcome to the world of HTML..!<∕p>

<∕body>

<∕html>

This will produce the following result:

Welcome to the world of HTML..!

Q11) What are frames?

A11) Frames allow us to split the browser window into multiple rectangular areas. Each area has its own html web page, which functions independently.

A frameset is a collection of frames that spans the entire browser. It instructs the browser on how to divide the browser window into frames and which web pages should be loaded in each frame.

The following table lists the different tags that can be used to create frames:

Example:

<html>

<head><∕head>

<frameset cols=”60%,*”>

<frame src- , sample.htmΓ&gt;

<frame src=’context.htmΓ’>

<∕frameset>

<∕html>

Advantages of Using Frames

●      Flexibility in design.

●      Information in different Web pages.

●      Remove redundancy.

●      Site easier to manage.

●      The browser has to load multiple HTML files.

Disadvantages of Using Frames

●      Increasing wait time.

●      Some older browsers cannot display frames.

●      Frames can use up valuable screen space.

●      The source code is hidden.

Q12) Write about lists and tables?

A12) Lists

Lists of data are defined using HTML Lists. One or more list elements can appear in any list. HTML lists can be divided into three categories:

1. Ordered List or Numbered List (ol)
2. Unordered List or Bulleted List (ul)
3. Description List or Definition List (dl)

Ordered List or Numbered List (ol)

By default, all list items in ordered HTML lists are labelled with numbers. It's also known as a numbered list. The <ol> tag begins the organized list, and the <li> tag starts the list objects.

Unordered List or Bullet List (ul)

All list items in an HTML Unordered list are labelled with bullets. It's often referred to as a bulleted list. The tag begins the unordered list, and the tag begins the list pieces.

Description List or Definition List (dl)

HTML Description List is a list format that HTML and XHTML also support. It's also known as a definition list, and it's similar to a dictionary or encyclopedia in that entries are ordered alphabetically.

The following three tags are included in the HTML specification list:

●      <dl>tag - The start of the list is defined by the name.

●      <dt>tag - A word is defined by a tag.

●      <dd>tag - The word meaning is defined by tag (description).

Example:

<h5>Goals<∕h5>

<ol>

<li>To get success.<∕li>

<li>To learn new things.<∕li>

<∕ol>

Above code produces following output:

Goals

●      To get success.

●      To leam new things.

Tables

To view data in a tabular format (row * column), use the HTML table tag. In a row, there can be several columns.

Using the <table> element and the <tr>, <td>, and <th> elements, we can construct a table to show data in a tabular format.

Table row is identified by the <tr> tag, table header by the <th> tag, and table data by the <td> tag in each table.

HTML tables are used to monitor the page's layout, such as the header section, navigation bar, body material, and footer section, among other things. To control the layout of the page, however, it is recommended that you use the div tag rather than the table tag.

Example

A simple HTML table, containing two columns and two rows:

<table>

<tr>

<th>Class<∕th>

<th>Strength<∕th>

<∕tr>

<tr>

<td>TE<∕td>

<td>90<∕td>

<∕tr>

<∕table>

Q13) Write the difference  between HTML and HTML5?

A13) Browsers are responsible for rendering of the web page content by using either HTML or HTML5.

The main difference between HTML and HTML5 can be that neither audio nor video is an essential part of HTML whereas both can be considered integral parts of HTML5.

Q14) Introduce CSS and also write the features?

A14) CSS

●      CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in any other media.

●      Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) can specify the style of your page elements like spacing and margins etc.

●      They are separate from the structure of your document such as section headers, body text, links etc.

●      Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) provide easy and effective alternatives to specify various attributes for the HTML tags.

●      A number of style properties for a given HTML can be specifying using CSS.

●      Basically the Style sheets represent a major revolution for web page designers, expanding their ability to improve the appearance of their pages.

●      A simple mechanism for controlling the style of a Web document without compromising its structure is nothing but CSS. It allows you to separate visual design elements like layout, fonts, colors etc. from the contents of a web page.

Features

CSS 3, the most recent version of Cascade Style Sheets, was created to make Web design easier, but it became a hot topic for a while because it was not supported by all browsers. However, technological trends move quickly, and all browser makers are now implementing full CSS 3 support. CSS 3's modularized specification makes this process easier for browser makers, as it allows them to add module support incrementally without requiring extensive rewriting of the browsers' codebases. The modularization concept simplifies not only the process of approving individual CSS 3 modules, but also the process of documenting the spec.

CSS 3 and HTML5 will, at some point, be the web's future. You should start making your Web sites compatible with the most recent requirements as soon as possible. In this, I'll go through ten of the most interesting new capabilities in CSS 3, which will revolutionise the way developers who previously utilised CSS2 create websites. The following are some of the characteristics:

●      CSS Text Shadow CSS Selectors

●      CSS Rounded Corners CSS Border Image

Q15) What are the properties of text?

A15) CSS allows you to fine-tune the typography on your Web pages by allowing you to alter characteristics like line spacing, word spacing, and even letter spacing, as well as text alignment and indenting.

Word spacing

The amount of space added to the default spacing between each word is controlled by this attribute. The following values are permissible:

Value   Example

Normal  { word-spacing: normal; }

Length  { word-spacing: 5mm; }

The default word spacing will be selected if normal is used.

The supplied length will be added to the normal word spacing. CSS length units such as em, px, cm, and pt are used to specify length values.

Letter-spacing

This attribute is identical to word-spacing, but it governs the amount of space inserted between each letter. The following are examples of possible values:

Value   Example

Normal  { letter-spacing: normal; }

Length  { letter-spacing: 0.1mm; }

The default word spacing will be selected if normal is used.

Length will increase the default letter spacing by the supplied amount. CSS length units such as em, px, cm, and pt are used to specify length values.

Text-decoration

Text decorations such as strike-throughs, underlining, and (god forbid!) blinking can all be controlled using the text-decoration property. The following are examples of possible values:

Value    Example

None    { text-decoration: none; }

Underline   { text-decoration: underline; }

Overline   { text-decoration: overline; }

Line-through     { text-decoration: line-through; }

Blink    { text-decoration: blink; }

Text-transform

The case of the text is controlled by text-transform. You have the option of changing the entire text to capitals or lowercase, or only capitalising the initial letter of each word. The choices are as follows:

Value   Example

Capitalize  { text-transform: capitalize; }

Uppercase  { text-transform: uppercase; }

Lowercase  { text-transform: lowercase; }

None   { text-transform: none; }

Uppercase transforms the entire text into all upper-case or lower-case characters, whereas lowercase transforms the entire text into all lower-case characters. None eliminates all text alterations and shows it as-is.

Text-align

The align attribute in HTML is equivalent to this feature. The following are some possibilities:

Value   Example

Left   { text-align: left; }

Right   { text-align: right; }

Center   { text-align: center; }

Justify   { text-align: justify; }

The HTML equivalents for left, right, and centre are left, right, and centre. Like the text in a book, justify creates columns of text that are aligned along their left and right boundaries.

Text-indent

You can use this property to indent the first line of text in a paragraph. The choices are as follows:

Value   Example

Length   { text-indent: 3cm; }

Percentage  { text-indent: 5% }

CSS length units such as em, px, cm, and pt are used to specify a length.

Line-height

Line-height is the last text attribute that governs the spacing between lines of text. The following are examples of possible values:

Value   Example

Normal  { line-height: normal; }

Number  { line-height: 1.5; }

Length   { line-height: 0.5cm; }

Percentage  { line-height: 125%; }

Normal returns the default or inherited line height, whereas specifying a number returns the default line height multiplied by that number.

CSS length units such as em, px, cm, and pt are used to specify a length.

Q16) Define bootstrap?

A16) Bootstrap

●      Bootstrap is the most widely used HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework for creating mobile-friendly and responsive websites.

●      It is available for download and use at no cost.

●      It's a front-end framework that makes web development easier and faster.

●      It provides design templates for typography, forms, buttons, tables, navigation, modals, picture carousels, and more, all built with HTML and CSS.

●      JavaScript plug-ins can also be used.

●      It makes it easier to make responsive designs.

History of Bootstrap

At Twitter, Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton created Bootstrap. It was made available as an open source project on GitHub in August 2011.

Bootstrap was the most popular project on GitHub in June 2014.

Why use Bootstrap

The following are the key benefits of using Bootstrap:

●      It's incredibly simple to use. Bootstrap may be used by anyone with a basic understanding of HTML and CSS.

●      It makes it easier for people to create a responsive website.

●      It works with the majority of browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, and Opera.

Q17) Write the application of bootstrap?

A17) Application of Bootstrap

●      Scaffolding − Bootstrap comes with a basic framework that includes a Grid System, link styles, and a background. The section Bootstrap Basic Structure goes over this in depth.

●      CSS − Global CSS settings, basic HTML components stylized and improved with extensible classes, and a complex grid system are all included in Bootstrap. The section Bootstrap with CSS goes over this in depth.

●      Components − Over a dozen reusable components are included in Bootstrap, including iconography, dropdowns, navigation, notifications, pop-overs, and more. The section Layout Components goes through this in depth.

●      JavaScript Plugins − Over a dozen bespoke jQuery plugins are included in Bootstrap. You may easily incorporate all of them or just one at a time. The section Bootstrap Plugins goes over this in depth.

●      Customize − Bootstrap's components, LESS variables, and jQuery plugins may all be customized to create your own version.

Q18) In HTML, how do you make a nested webpage?

A18) A nested webpage is displayed using the HTML iframe tag. To put it another way, it's a webpage within a webpage. An inline frame is defined by the HTML iframe> tag. Consider the following scenario:

<!DOCTYPE html>   

<html>   

<body>   

<h2>HTML Iframes example</h2>   

<p>Use the height and width attributes to specify the size of the iframe:</p>   

<iframe src="https://www.google.com/"></iframe>   

</body>   

</html>  

Q19) What is a datalist tag?

A19) The HTML 5 datalist tag provides an autocomplete feature on the form element. It facilitates users to choose the predefined options to the users to select data.

<label>   

Enter your favorite cricket player: Press any character<br />   

<input type="text" id="favCktPlayer" list="CktPlayers">   

<datalist id="CktPlayers">   

<option value="Sachin Tendulkar">   

<option value="Brian Lara">   

<option value="Jacques Kallis">    

<option value="Ricky Ponting">    

<option value="Rahul Dravid">    

<option value="Shane Warne">    

<option value="Rohit Sharma">    

<option value="Donald Bradman">    

<option value="Saurav Ganguly ">    

<option value="AB diVilliers">    

<option value="Mahendra Singh Dhoni">    

<option value="Adam Gilchrist">   

</datalist>   

</label>

Q20) In HTML, how do you make a hyperlink?

A20) The anchor tag in HTML is used to construct a hyperlink that connects two pages. These tags can appear in a variety of ways, including:

●      Unvisited link - It is displayed, underlined and blue.

●      Visited link - It is displayed, underlined and purple.

●      Active link - It is displayed, underlined and red.