Unit 1 | unit 1 fundamentals of statics

Unit -1

Fundamentals of statics

Q1)-1 Define force system and classify it

Ans- System of forces:-when two or more forces act on a system or a body simultaneously it is known as a force system or system of force.

Classification of force system

1) Coplanar

2) Non coplanar

Coplanar:-

1) Collinear

2) Concurrent

3) Parallel

4) Non concurrent non parallel

Non coplanar:-

1) Concurrent

2) Parallel

3) Non concurrent non parallel

Coplanar force system:-

If all forces acting on a body are in same plane then force system is known as coplanar force system.

1) Coplanar collinear

When all forces acts on body are in same plane and line of action of all forces acts along same line then system is known as coplanar collinear force system.

Example:-

Forces on rope in tug of war

2) Coplanar concurrent

When all forces acting on body are in same plane and line of action of forces passes through single force then the system is known as coplanar concurrent force system.

Example: - Gusset plate of electric tower

3) Coplanar parallel

When all forces acting on a body are in same plane at their line of action of forces are parallel to each other then system is known as coplanar parallel force system.

Example: - beam subjected to vertical loading

4) Coplanar non concurrent non parallel

When all forces acting on a body are in same plane but they are neither parallel known concurrent then system is known as coplanar non concurrent non parallel force system.

Example:- forces on ladder resting against wall when person stands on rung which is not at its centre of gravity.

This force system is also known as general system of forces.

Non coplanar force system:-

If forces acting on a body are in different plane then force system is known as non-coplanar force system.

1) Non coplanar concurrent

When all forces acting on a body do not lie in same plane but their line of action pass through a single point then force system is known as non-coplanar concurrent force system.

Example: - electric pole supported by guy wire

2) Non coplanar parallel

When all forces acting on a body are parallel to each other but do not lie in same plane then the force system is known as non-coplanar parallel force system.

Example: - Weight of benches in classroom.

3) Non coplanar non concurrent non parallel

When all forces acting on a body do not lie in same plane and neither they are parallel or concurrent then force system is known as known coplanar non concurrent non parallel force system.

Example: - forces acting on moving bus.

Q2)2 Define moment of force and couple

Ans. Movement of a force:-It is turning effect produced by a force on the body. The movement of force is equal to the product of force and perpendicular distance of point about which the movement is required and line of action force.

Mathematically:- moment (m) =p×l

Where, p=force acting on body

l =perpendicular distance between the point about which movement is required and line of action of the force

Unit of moment:-if force is in Newton and distance is in meter then unit of moment is Newton meter (Nm)

Couple:-Two parallel forces equal in magnitude and opposite in direction and separated by a definite distance are set to form a couple. The sum of forces forming couple is zero since they are equal and opposite which means translate your faith of couple is zero but it produces a motion of rotation body on which it act.

Q3)-3 state and explain varignon’s theorem

Ans. Varignon's principle of moments a law of moments:- It states,” the algebraic sum of moments of a system of coplanar forces about a moment centre in the plane is equal to moment of their resultant force about same movement centre.”

Proof:- let R be the resultant of forces and B the moment centre. Let d, be the moment and arm ( perpendicular distance of point from the line of action of force) of forces. Respectively from movement centre (point about which movement is considered) B then in this case we have to prove that

Join AB and considered it as y axis and draw exercise at right angle to it at a as shown in figure 22( b).

Denoting by Q the angle that R makes with x axis and noting that the same angle is formed by perpendicular to R at B with we can write

Where

Component of R in x-direction

Similarly, if are component of in x-direction then,

Add equations 2 and 3

)

From equation 1

Q4)-4 the resultant of two forces when they act at right angle B 10N and when they act at angle of 60 resultant B 12.16 N . Find magnitude of two forces.

Ans. Let be two forces

Condition 1- when they act at right angle

Condition -2 when they act at angle 60

Put

Q5)5 The guy wire of electrical pole as shown in fig below makes 60 to horizontal as is carrying a force 60KN . Find horizontal and vertical components of forces.

Ans.-

Resolution of force f=60KN

51.96 KN (downward)

Q6)6 Fig. Shown below showed as particular position of 200mm connecting rod AB and 80mm long tank BC. At this position connecting rod of engine experience a force of 300N on rank pin at B. Find its