Unit 6 | unit 6 impact and collision

Unit 6

Impact and collision

Q1)1 State difference between elastic and plastic collision.

Ans.

Elastic collision	Plastic collision
Total kinetic energy is conserved	The total kinetic energy of bodies at beginning and end of impact is different
Momentum does not change	Momentum does change
No conservation of energy take place	Kinetic energy is changed into other energy such sound or heat energy

Q2) 2 State and explain

1) Law of conservation of momentum

2) Newton's law of motion of elastic bodies

Ans. Law of conservation of momentum

It states that, “The total momentum of two bodies remains constant after their collision or any other mutual action.”

Mathematically,

Where

=mass of first body

=initial velocity of first body

=final velocity of first body

=corresponding values for second body.

Newton's law of collision of elastic bodies

Its state,” when two moving bodies collide with each other, their velocity of separation there's a constant ratio to their velocity of approach.”

Mathematically,

Where,

=initial velocity of first body

=final velocity of first body

=corresponding values for second body

e=constant of proportionality, also known as coefficient of restitution.

Q3) 3 Define

1) Time of compression

2) Time of restitution

3) Time of collision

4) Coefficient of restitution

Ans. Time of compression

The time taken by two bodies in compression after the instant of collision is known as time of compression.

Time of restitution

The time taken by two bodies to regain the original shape after compression is known as time of restitution.

Time of collision

The sum of time of compression and time of restitution is known as time of collision or period of collision or period of impact.

Coefficient of restitution:-

It is defined as the ratio of velocity of separation (of to moving bodies collide with each other) to their velocity of approach.

It is also defined as the ratio of relative velocities of colliding bodies after impact to their relative velocity before impact.

It is denoted by symbol 'e'

The relative velocities are measured along the line of impact which is the common normal to colliding surfaces.

Consider two bodies A and B having direct impact as shown in figure 1

Let,

=initial velocity of body A

=final velocity of body A

=corresponding values for body B

The impact will take place only if is greater than

Velocity of approach=

After impact separation will take place only if is greater than

Velocity of separation=

According to Newton’s law of origin for elastic bodies

Velocity of separation=e× velocity of approach

Where

e=constant of proportionality and is called coefficient of restitution

Its value lies between 0 and 1

If e=0 => two bodies are inelastic

If e=1 => two bodies are perfectly elastic

Q4)4 Write note on

1) Direct impact

2) Indirect impact

Ans. Direct impact:-

The line of impact of two colliding bodies is the line joining the centres of these bodies and passes through the point of contact as point of collision as shown in figure 2

According to law of conservation of momentum

Indirect impact of two bodies

If two bodies before impact are not moving along the line of impact the collision is called indirect (or oblique) impact. As shown in figure 3

The Newton's law of collision of elastic bodies also hold good for indirect impact.

Q5)5 Two particles of masses 10kg and 20kg are moving along a straight line towards each other at velocities of 4m/s and 1 m/s respectively. If e=0.6. Determine the velocities of particles immediately after their collision. Also find loss in kinetic energy.

Ans.

By law of conservation of momentum

Also,

Equation 1 and equation 2

1+2

Loss in kinetic energy=initial kinetic energy-final kinetic energy

=90-36.67

=53.335

% loss in K.E.=(

Q6) 6 A 50gm ball is dropped from height of 600 mm on a small plate. It rebound to height 400mm when played directly rest on ground and to height of 250mm when a form rubber mat is placed between plate and ground.

Determine

1) Coffee shirt off of restitution between and ground

2) Mass of plate

Ans.

The plate is kept directly on ground.

=3.43m/s

=2.8m/s

Coefficient of restitution=e=

3) Bye law conservation of momentum

Q7) 7 A 900kg car B travelling 48km/hr couples to 680Kg car travelling 24km/hr in same directions. What is their common speed after coupling

Ans. By Law of conservation of momentum

V=37.67km/hr

Q8)8 A ball is dropped from height smooth floor knowing that for first bounce . Determine

1) Coefficient of restitution

2) Height of second bounce

Ans.

Now for second bounce

We know that

Squaring on both sides

Q9)9 Three perfectly elastic ball A,B and C of masses 2Kg, 4Kg and 8Kg move in the same direction with velocity of 4m/s, 1m/s and 0.75m/s respectively. If ball A impinges with ball B which in turn impinges with ball C, prove that balls A and B will bought to rest by impacts.

Ans. Given

Let be final velocities after impact of ball A and ball B.

By Law of conservation of momentum

We also know that

For perfectly elastic collision e=1

Solving equation 1 and 2

Equation 1+Equation 2

Thus first ball A will brought to rest by impact of ball A and ball B.

Now

For final velocity of ball B

Solving equation 3 and 4

3+2*4

We can say that ball B is brought to rest after impact with ball C.

Q10)10 Two balls A and B are travelling along same straight path in opposite direction. Sphere A of mass 1.2 kg is moving with 5m/s toward right and sphere is of mass 2.4kg is moving with 2.5m/s towards left. If e=0.8 determine their final velocity

Ans.