UNIT 2
INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING AND TOWN PLANNING
Q 1:- What are the usual requirements of a normal residential building?
Ans:- Requirements of residential buildings:
A good residential building satisfies the requirements of its Inhabitants in the best possible manner. The requirements of residential buildings can briefly be summarised as follows:
(1) Height: It is desirable that the height of the building should be in proportion with the width of road or street.
(2) Location: The residential buildings should be located in such a way that freedom from nuisances such as dust, noise, smoke and smell is guaranteed. Further, the location of the building should be near to means of transport, markets, schools. Hospitals, etc.
(3) Orientation: The building should be suitably oriented with respect to rain, sun and wind.
(4) Parks: The buildings should be located near to parks and playgrounds and it should be possible for the children to reach to the parks without crossing main roads.
(5) Privacy: The overall design of the building should be such that it affords maximum privacy to its users. It is desirable to provide the feature of privacy in the design of a building even at the sacrifice of some architectural need.
(6) Security: The construction of the building should be such that it affords safety and security against theft and fire. If possible, it should contaln a strong room for the storage of valuables
. (7) Space: The floor space as well as the total cubical contents of the building should be in proportion with the number of persons likely to use the building. According to one standard, the floor area and cubical contents per member should respectively be at least 4.65 m2 and 8.50 m.
(8) Uility services: The building should be provided with electricity, water and drainage facilitles at reasonable costs.
(9) Ventilation: The rooms of the buildings should be fully ventilated. Each room should get enough air and light.
Q 2 :- Define the aspects of designing of residential areas ?
Ans:- The residential areas are to be carefully designed with respect to the following aspects:
(1) Aestheties
(2) Basic materials
(3) Housing unit
(4) Layout
(5) Size and shape
(6) Street system.
Q 3:- Describe various guiding principles of Town Planning ?
Ans:-
(1) Green belt: The provision of a green belt on the peripher, of town results In the limitation of its size and hence, the final size of the town can well be anticipated.
(2) Housing: Extreme care should be taken to provide housing accommodation to various categories of people. It should be abserved that there is no development of slums and further slums are existing, they are cleared by the provision of some Iternative arrangement.
(3) Public bulidings: There should be a well-balanced grouping and distribution of various public buildings throughout the town. The unnecessary concentration of public buildings at certain spots of the town should be avoided.
(4) Recreation centres: Depending upon the size of town, enough space should be reserved for the development as recreation centres for the general public.
(5) Road systems: The efficiency of any town is measured by the layout of its roads. A nicely designed road system puts a great impression in the minds of people, especially the visitors to the town. The provision of a faulty road system in the initial stages of town formation proves to be too difficult and costly to repair or to re-arrange in future.
(6) Transport facilities: The town should be provided with sultable transport facilities so that there is minimum loss of time Irom place of work to the place of residence.
(7) Zoning: The town should be divided into suitable zones such as commercial zone, industrial zone, residential zone, etc. and suitable rules and regulations should be formed for the development of each zone.
Q 4:- Explain the functional aspects responsible for Origin of Town ?
Ans:- The functional aspects responsible for the origin of towns are as follows: (1) education,
(2) health resorts.
(3) political, and
(4) religious.
Q 5:- Describe the growth of town ?
Ans:- The growth of town, to a large extent, will depend on the economic forces because it is found that an urban area is usually a centre of specialized activities and hence, the size of a town will depend on the amount of goods and services supplied to outsiders i.e. its exports.
The economic base theory suggests that if there is an increase in the demand of goods and services exported by the town, the growth of town takes place and the rate of growth will naturally depend on the rate at which demand for its exportable products increases. Moreover, the money earned by the export activities would provide a fund for supporting the production of goods and services required by the population of town.
Q 6:- Give the name of various forms of planning ?
Ans:-To maintain the continuity in the planning process, the following five forms of planning are to be considered:
(1) Local planning
(2) Country planning
(3) Regional planning
(4) National planning
(5) International planning.
Q 7:- Define the term Slum clearance?
Ans:- The process of improving the existing conditions of slums is known as the s / um clearance and the main four objects of taking up slum clearance programs can be enumerated as follows:
(1) To bring down the disparity in the living standards of the people of various classes.
(2) To prevent the occurrence of epidemics in the town or city.
(3) To provide the absolute basic minimum standards of essential amenities for a healthy living.
(4) To remove the ugly spots or slums from the map of town or city.
Following are the two methods by which slum clearance programmers can be effected:
(1) Complete removal method
(2) Improvement method
Q 8:- What are the main causes of slums ?
Ans:- The formation or development of slum is due to various reasons:
(1) Decentralization
(2) Economic conditions
(3) Education.
(4) Improper use of land
(5) Industrialization:
(6) Lack of zoning:
(7) Migrants.
Q 9:- What the criteria of selecting the Site for an Ideal town ?
Ans:- The physical characteristics of site play an important role in determining the position of a proposed town and the important features to be considered with respect to the site of a town are as follows:
(1) availability of the natural advantages,
(2) availability of the electric power,
(3) available means of communication.
(4) climatic conditions,
(5) contours of the area,
(6) development of the surrounding area,
(7) drainage of the area,
(8) facility available for the sewage disposal.
(9) fertility of the soils.
(10) frequency of the floods,
Q 10:- Describe the various aspects of zoning ?
Ans:- The zoning is related to the following three important aspects:
- Density zoning
II. Height zoning
III. Use zoning.
