ITA2
Unit 3Concept of MIS Reports Q1) What is the purpose of an MIS?A1) The primary purpose of an MIS is to assist the management in making strategic, tactical, and operational decisions. It offers up-to-date information on the company’s assets and helps various departments like – Marketing, finance, R&D, manufacturing, etc. From storing data to making it accessible, MIS is a crucial aspect of every business today. Other primary objectives are:Data storage Data retrieval Data propagation Planning Graphical report making Q2) What Knowledge is required for studying MIS ?A2) 1. Critical thinking Being an intelligent and roused issue solver is one of the principle necessities of various IT jobs. PayScale determined that data frameworks administrators today should have the option to determine circumstances sufficiently, regardless of how confounded or troublesome they become. This involves rationale, tender loving care, and basic intuition abilities as much as tech information. 2. The executives Skills Rise sufficiently high on the association graph in IT and you're not simply overseeing innovation, you'll likewise need to create and coordinate individuals. This is the place where HR abilities come in. IT pioneers need to propel, create, and direct individuals as they work, which falls outside of the extent of specialized information. While thinking about the qualities and shortcomings of contender for advancement, recruiting directors may choose candidates who have demonstrated they can lead, making compassion and consciousness of others' responses significant attributes. 3. Specific Industry Knowledge Every information has interesting necessities with respect to IT. Data frameworks in medical services, for example, are limited by security and protection interesting to the area. Contingent upon the sort of job you're expecting to take on, you ought to guarantee your mastery coordinates with the abilities most sought after in that industry vertical. 4. Software engineering and Programming The vital equilibrium of hard mechanical abilities and relational aptitude will rely upon the specific expected set of responsibilities of the vocation you're chasing. All things considered, taking on a data frameworks job implies understanding a wide assortment of tech apparatuses and the cutting edge in IT. Regardless of whether you are not expected to accomplish programming work straightforwardly, your capacity to manage others and make speculations will depend on specialized skill. 5. Security Awareness The associating string between all organizations, philanthropic associations, and government associations today is the requirement for mechanical security. A cyberattack can have durable ramifications for an association, and pioneers will be approached to guarantee defensive frameworks are up to industry guidelines. Security fitness has the twofold reason for forestalling issues and guaranteeing the organization is in consistence with guidelines for its area. Q3) What is the Role of MIS?A3) A management information system (MIS) plays an important role in business organizationsWhat is MIS role: There are many roles of MIS and some of the importantMIS role are discussed below:1 Decision making2 Coordination among the department3 Finding out Problems4 Comparison of Business Performance5 Strategies for an Organisation Decision making - MIS assumes a critical part in the dynamic interaction of any association. In any association, a choice is made based on applicable data which can be recovered from the MIS. Coordination among the department MIS fulfill numerous need of an association across the distinctive useful office. Finding out Problems As we realize that MIS gives pertinent data about each part of exercises. Thus, in the event that any mix-up is made by the administration, at that point MIS, data will help in discovering the answer for that issue.Comparison of Business Performance MIS store all previous information and data in its Database. That why the administration data framework is valuable to think about business association execution.Strategies for an Organisation - Today every business is running in a serious market. A MIS backings the association to develop suitable systems for the business to consent in a serious climate. Q4) What is the Guidelines for Developing MIS reports ?A4) Following steps are involved in the development of an appropriate MIS for a business organisation: 1. Defining and analysing various types of decisions made in the organization: The MIS designers should thoroughly analyse the existing decisions- making system of the organisation. This requires a study of different levels of decision makers and the priorities of these decision makers. The purpose of this study is to ensure the collection, analysis and dissemination of right information for different decision makers in the organisation. 2. Comparison of costs and benefits of the system:The MIS of the organisations should be designed in such a manner so that the benefits out-weight the cost of collecting, analysing and presenting information. Depending upon the size of the organisation, alternative means of providing information for managerial decision making should be studied and evaluated in terms of their costs and benefits. An effective MIS not only evaluates information for presentation but also eliminates unnecessary data. The MIS should summarise and condense information so that it can be easily absorbed and used for decision making. 3. Pre-Testing of the systems and training of operators:MIS should be pre¬tested before it is put to use. If the system is not pretested then problems are likely to arise and changes in the system at that time may prove to be very expensive. Also proper training should be imparted to the managers to understand the system so that they can make proper use of the system. 4. Proper planning for storage of information:Proper arrangement should be made for storage of information. Ail information should be stored in disaggregated files. New data should be added to the existing data in a given category as it is received. Different decision makers with similar information needs should be identified so that they can be grouped together for dissemination of information. This would avoid duplication and waste. 5. Mechanism for gathering and processing data:Proper methods for information processing must be selected. This requires determination of steps for the purpose of collecting, storing, sorting, evaluating, transmitting and retrieving information. A system of controls should also be developed so as to identify and correct any deficiency that might occur in the system. 6. Proper arrangement for dissemination of information:Proper arrangement should be made for the dissemination of information at the right time to various decision makers. Information delayed is information denied. Proper formats should be designed for the dissemination of information to various decision makers having regard to their information needs. 7. Review of MIS at periodical intervals:Functioning of the MIS should be reviewed at periodical intervals. This review helps in identifying deficiencies in the existing MIS and making appropriate changes to overcome such deficiencies Q5) What is the Functional Aspects of the MIS? A5) MIS is set up by an association with the excellent target to acquire the board data to be utilized by its chiefs in dynamic. Accordingly, MIS should play out the accompanying capacities to meet its destinations. 1) Data Capturing: MIS catches information from different inward and outside wellsprings of an association. Information catching might be manual or through work stations. End clients, regularly record information about exchanges on some actual medium, for example, paper shape or enter it straightforwardly into a PC framework. 2) Processing of information: The caught information is prepared to change over it into the necessary administration data. Preparing of information is finished by such exercises as figuring, looking at, arranging, characterizing and summing up. 3) Storage of data: MIS stores prepared or natural information for sometime later. On the off chance that any data isn't promptly needed, it is saved as a hierarchical record. In this action, information and data are held in a coordinated way for sometime in the future. Put away information is ordinarily coordinated into fields, records, documents and data sets. Q6) What are the Problems in MIS? A6) The present organizations run on innovation. Each customer cooperation and interior interaction depends intensely on the PC frameworks that power everything. The executives data frameworks (MIS) is an overall term to envelop the different innovations that exist in associations today, just as the faculty important to oversee everything. Basic issues incorporate inability to plan, addressing authoritative requirements, recruiting and holding great representatives, remaining current and coordinating every one of your innovations. Absence of Strategy A large number of the most well-known MIS issues can be followed back to an absence of a strong system. Data frameworks pioneers are very much aware of the numerous apparatuses accessible to accumulate information on their organization. However, putting that data to utilize is regularly a test. At one time, technology departments filled in as a different activity, giving technical support and keeping an association's worker gear running. Today, MIS administration regularly sits close by other business pioneers, cooperating to guarantee that the innovation being utilized backings the general mission of the organization pushing ahead. Addressing Organizational Needs MIS plays an always expanding job in associations, with experts depending on innovation for each part of activities. Deals and promoting depend intensely on client relationship programming to follow customer associations, for example, while bookkeeping needs its own product for charging, invoicing and monetary following. With the greater part of all organizations currently depending on huge information examination, MIS is assuming a much more significant part. Prior to settling on a choice, the present supervisory groups are probably going to pull provides details regarding existing action to guarantee they use realities as opposed to make taught surmises. Drawing in and Retaining Top Talent For in any event the previous years and years, development in innovation has dominated the quantity of individuals entering the field. In the course of the last seven out of 10 years, IT positions have been in the main 10 of occupations with the most recruiting difficulties, as recorded by ManpowerGroup. The experts most sought after incorporate designers and developers, data set chairmen and IT pioneers and chiefs. Indeed, even as an expanding number of organizations move to cloud programming, the IT lack keeps on influencing organizations. On the off chance that cloud innovation suppliers experience issues discovering experts to help the applications their customers use, the organizations will see issues. Indeed, even with cloud innovation, however, numerous associations discover they actually need to have a MIS expert on staff to guarantee the business meets its objectives. Staying aware of Change On the off chance that one thing is for sure in data innovation, it's that nothing will continue as before for long. Starting with one year then onto the next, advancements imply that product should be updated and even supplanted. To stay serious, organizations need to stay aware of this, putting resources into programming that will give them an edge. As organizations react to those changes, however, they face a test in getting representatives energetic about changing what they do. At one time this was just preparing representatives to go from old paper-based cycles to utilizing PCs in any case. Today, chiefs need to locally available new frameworks while guaranteeing they give workers what they should be profitable. Coordinating New Technologies Despite the fact that there are a lot of exhaustive arrangements, organizations will unavoidably find that they have different kinds of programming working on the double. This incorporates general managerial apparatuses like Microsoft Office, just as specific devices for bookkeeping, client relationship the board and undertaking the executives instruments, among numerous others. Guaranteeing every one of these instruments cooperate is fundamental since something else, representatives will discover they need to copy measures. Confusing issue is the way that representatives presently don't work utilizing only one devoted PC on a work area in an office space. Numerous representatives work in the field, utilizing workstations and tablets. You'll additionally have various cellphones notwithstanding the PC and personal computers your workers use, carrying difficulties to offering help without gambling security. Q7) What are the Characteristic of MIS? A7) MIS plays a very important role in every aspect of an organization. These characteristics are generic in nature. Following are the characteristics of MIS:System Approach Management Oriented Need-Based Exception Based Future Oriented Integrated Long Term Planning Sub-System Concept Central Database System Approach- The data framework follows a System's methodology. The framework's methodology suggests an all encompassing way to deal with the investigation of framework and its exhibition in the light for the goal for which it has been comprised. Management Oriented - The top-down methodology should be followed while planning the MIS. The top-down methodology proposes that the framework improvement begins from the assurance of the board needs and in general business targets. The MIS advancement plan ought to be gotten from the general strategy. The executives situated quality of MIS additionally suggests that the administration effectively coordinates the framework advancement endeavors. Need-Based - MIS plan and improvement ought to be according to the data needs of chiefs at various levels, vital arranging level, the board control level and operational control level. At the end of the day, MIS ought to take into account the particular necessities of administrators in an association's progression. Exception Based MIS ought to be created on the special case based announcing standard, which implies an irregular circumstance, for example the greatest; least or expected qualities shift past resistance limits. In such circumstances, there should BE special case answering to the leader at the necessary level. Future Oriented Other than exemption based detailing, MIS ought to likewise take a gander at what's to come. At the end of the day, MIS ought not just give past or authentic data; rather it ought to give data, based on projections dependent on which activities might be started Integrated - Combination is a vital quality of an administration data framework. Combination is huge on account of its capacity to create more significant data. For instance, to build up a compelling creation planning framework, it is important to adjust such factors as arrangement costs, Workforce, Overtime rates, Production limit, Inventory level, Capital necessities and Customer administrations.7. Long Term Planning - MIS is created over generally significant stretches. Such a framework doesn't grow for the time being. A weighty component of preparation is included. The MIS fashioner should have the future goals and requirements of the organization as a top priority.8. Sub-System Concept The interaction of MIS advancement is very mind boggling and one is probably going to lose knowledge as often as possible. In this way, the framework, however saw as a solitary element, should be separated into absorbable sub-frameworks which are more significant at the arranging stage.9. Central Database A focal data set is a mortar that holds the utilitarian frameworks together. Every framework expects admittance to the expert document of information covering stock, staff, sellers, clients, and so forth It appears to be consistent to assemble information once, approve it appropriately and place it on a focal stockpiling medium, which can be gotten to by some other subsystem. Q8) Why Evaluation of MIS is important?A8) A number of conceptual frameworks are available for evaluating MIS function in an organisation. These frameworks are the guide maps that highlight and focus attention on important areas which must be evaluated to ascertain the health of MIS function in an organisation. The evaluation of MIS is important for several reasons as have been given below: 1. Senior executives feel very strongly that corporate MIS function should be evaluated in one way or the other due to large amount of investment in the information processing technology. 2. To assess if the benefits received from MIS are commensurate with the level of expenditure incurred on it. 3. To assign MIS the status of being a function of management like Production, Finance and Marketing. 4. To evaluate efficacy of MIS function in the organisation over a period of time. 5. To ascertain the competitiveness of the MIS of one organisation as compared to its competitors. Q9) What do you understand by Executive Information Systems?A9) Executive information systems (EIS) are information systems at the strategic management level of an organization designed to address unstructured decision making through advanced graphics and communication. They provide information to top-level managers in interactive format through their access to critical success factors of an organization. Users of executive information systems can have such information on demand.The use of EIS is primarily in the areas of strategic planning and strategic control. Executive information systems differ from decision support systems in the sense that executive information systems are designed to make decisions that aim at integrating various organizational units and functions while decision support systems are designed for making decisions relevant to specific business units and functions. Q10) What is Expert Systems? A10) Expert systems are knowledge intensive computer programs that use artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is an activity of the computers that displays behaviour which may be regarded as intelligence. Unlike natural intelligence, artificial intelligence is man-made and does not think the way as human beings do. Thus, expert systems capture the expertise of a human being in limited domain of knowledge and experience. Expert systems provide information, tools, and methods for decision making in specific areas such as systems that generate competitive bids, support loan approval, support training in specialized areas where experts are in scarcity, and so on. The users of expert systems are the people who are involved in value-added work which requires a special skill or expertise. In an organization, managers at different hierarchical levels perform different types of functions and, therefore, require different types of information systems.
0 matching results found