Question bank:

Q1) Explain the word disaster? (8)

A1) CRED defines a disaster as “a situation or event [which] overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request to a national or international level for external assistance; an unforeseen and often sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human suffering.”

Disasters are the convergence of hazards with vulnerabilities. As such, an increase in physical, social, economic, or environmental vulnerability can mean an increase in the frequency of disasters.

(VULNERABILITY+ HAZARD) / CAPACITY   = DISASTER

The complete EM-DAT divides disasters into 2 categories (natural and technological), and further divides the natural disaster category into 5 subcategories, which in turn cover 12 disaster types and more than 30 subtypes. The principal categories and subcategories are shown below.

Characteristics of Disasters

In order to be able to identify that a situation is a disaster, the following characteristics must be eminent

And must seem to resonate with the events leading to the situation:

It is an extra-ordinary event.

Usually occurs because of one of the danger sources, whether caused by nature or human action.

Seriously and substantially impact the most vulnerable groups. 

Results in serious imbalance in the community functions.

Results in significant losses in human lives, materials and environment. 

Exceeds the ability of an affected community to cope with using its own resources.

Types of disaster

Natural and man-made disasters affect thousands of people each year. Major adverse events such as these can cause catastrophic loss of life and physical destruction. They are often unexpected and can shock the entire community.

People who survive a disaster can experience emotional distress. Symptoms such as anxiety, constant anxiety, sleep disorders, and other depression are common responses to disasters before, during, and after an event. Many people can "recover" from a disaster with the help of their families and communities, but others may need additional help to deal with it and follow the path of recovery. .. Anyone, including survivors, first responder and recovery workers living in the affected areas, can be at risk.

Q2) Explain disaster mitigation. (8)

A2) Mitigation is defined as a sustained action to reduce or eliminate risk to people and property from hazards (disasters) and their effects. The function of mitigation differs from other emergency management disciplines since it looks at long-term solutions to reduce risk as opposed to preparedness for hazards, the immediate response to hazards, or the short-term recovery from a hazard event.

Disaster mitigation includes those activities designed to prevent or reduce losses from disaster. It is usually considered the initial phase of emergency management, although it may be a component in the other phases. Examples include land-use planning, to limit or prevent development in floodplains, building codes to reduce losses from earthquakes and fires, dam and levees to prevent flooding.

The goal of mitigation is to create economically secure, socially stable, better built, and more environmentally sound communities that are out of harm’s ways. The following widely accepted tools are used to reduce risks:

Disaster Mitigation Strategies

Risk Identification

To reduce the threat of droughts and to lessen their impact should they occur, a number of measures can be taken. The first step in disaster mitigation is to identify areas that are at risk to drought. Once the priority zones have been identified, comprehensive and integrated rural development programs should be initiated.

Among the usual activities are:

Land-Use Planning

Another approach to reduce the impact of droughts on human settlements (including nomadic communities) is to employ land-use planning techniques. Land-use controls similar to zoning regulations could be created and adopted by governing bodies. These controls can include:

•       numbers of livestock per unit area;

•       maximum population density;

•       limits on amounts of water taken from public water supplies for agricultural or industrial use;

•       authority to declare a state of emergency during which time animal herds are required to be depleted or transported to non-emergency areas, more stringent water usage allowances are imposed, etc.

Impediments to Mitigations

There are several factors, including denial of the risk, political will, cost and lack of funding.

Q3) What are the criteria used to assess the problems to be solved in the near future?              (5)

A3) The following criteria were used to assess the importance of problems to be solved in the near future:

a) Number of people and countries involved.

b) Geographical distribution of the problem.

c) Temporal distribution of problems (temporary or long-term).

d) Degree of irreversibility of impact.

e) Health, standard of living, social structure, and economy.

f) Degree of international importance of the problem.

These criteria are duplicated and may not be exhaustive, a useful basis for judgment.

Q4) How to prepare for natural disaster? (5)

A4) The following points to be remembered before natural disaster:

You should know the risk that you might be facing before the disaster.

You can also coordinate with your local emergency unit, local fire department, and the Red Cross to be more precise in determining hazards. With the technology today you can also sign up or use apps for weather alerts to keep you updated.

Ii. Build a disaster plan

The plan should be based on a primary disaster that could hit your area. Include your family and, if possible, your friends in the plan. Make sure you understand the shortest escape route and alternative routes to out-of-state contacts in case your first contact gets caught in a traffic jam.

Iii.   Prepare an emergency kit

This is often ignored by many. Survival kits are essential when you need to rush away or hunt at home. It should contain a variety of important items, mainly food, emergency supplies, and other essentials that last for 72 hours. Include personal documents and medicine in the mountains.

Iv.  Start Your Food and Water Stockpile

There are different and effective ways to stock up on food and water. It should last at least 6 months to a year. Just in case the store shelves run out due to panic buying. If your water lines run dry due to damage then you have enough water for you and your family. You can also stockpile on your bug out place for alternative supplies should the first one get damaged or stolen.

v.  Prepare a bug out place:

In most cases, hotels, inns, and other such places may already be fully booked by other affected citizens in your area. Knowing that there are strangers and non-hazardous places to stay gives you the peace of mind you deserve. In this way, you can create your own homemade recipes and comfort you and your family while waiting for things to return to normal.

Q5) Explain the types of disaster.  (8)

A5) There are two types of disaster. Natural and man -made disaster

Natural Disaster

An earthquake may be a sudden and violent tremor of the bottom that causes great destruction as results of the movement of the crust. Earthquakes can be tsunamis and volcanic eruptions.

The 2004 magnitude 9.2 magnitude 9.2 earthquakes in Indonesia are the second largest earthquake ever recorded. The worst quake struck central China, killing more than 800,000 people in 1556. People of that era and the region lived in the cave, and the cave collapsed and died.

b.  Cyclone:

A cyclone (or more accurately called a tropical cyclone) is a type of violent spinning storm that occurs over the waters near the tropics.

Australia's most famous historic cyclone was Cyclone Tracy in December 1974, which killed about 11 people in Darwin, the Northern Territory. The direction in which they rotate depends on which hemisphere they are in. It rotates clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and counter clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.

c.  tsunami:

A tsunami is a huge wave, usually initiated by a sudden change in the relative position of an underwater structural plate. Sudden jerks are enough to propagate the waves. However, its power can be strengthened and supplied by the position and boundaries of the moon, which concentrates its energy.

d.  volcanic eruption:

Volcanic disasters are caused by lava flows, lahars, and pyroclastic flows caused by volcanic activity such as eruptions. It covers a wide area. Volcanic disasters can cause massive damage and serious personal injury. Secondary disasters such as debris flows are often caused by rainfall after a volcanic eruption.

In 1815, an Indonesian eruption threw more than 100 cubic meters of rock, killing 92,000 people. The largest volcanic eruption occurred in Indonesia in 1883, resulting in rocks flying 55 km above. An explosion struck Australia, causing a 40-meter-high tsunami that killed 36,000 people.

e.  flood:

Floods are the presence of abnormal water in the land to a depth that affects normal activity. Floods can result from river floods (river floods), short-term heavy rains (flash floods), or abnormal seawater inflows into land (sea floods). Marine floods can be caused by storms such as hurricanes, high tides, tidal floods, seismic events (tsunamis), or large-scale landslides.

Man-made disaster:

1. Traffic accident:

Road accidents are common in India due to reckless driving, untrained drivers, and poor maintenance of roads and vehicles. According to the Lifeline Foundation, an Ahmadabad-based organization working for road safety, India accounts for 13 percent of the world's road accident fatalities.

With 130,000 deaths in 2007, India has the highest number of deaths in road accidents, surpassing China's 90,000. Most of these deaths were caused by poorly designed roads and the lack of a proper traffic management system to separate the various traffic streams.

2. Collapse of buildings and bridges:

Building collapses occur frequently, especially in the western part of the country, in India, where construction is often done in a hurry with little consideration of safety regulations.

3. Terrorist attack:

Catastrophic acts, such as terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, leave many concerns about the potential and potential consequences of future incidents in the United States. Terrorism can include catastrophic activity using weapons of mass destruction, ranging from chemicals, biological hazards, radioactivity or nuclear weapons, and other explosives.

Q6) What is volcanic eruption?  (5)

A6) Volcanic eruptions occur when lava and gas are released from the volcanic spout. The most common result of this is population movement, as many people are often forced to flee moving lava flows. Volcanic eruptions often cause  landslides and temporary food shortages of volcanic ash called lahars.

The most dangerous type of volcanic eruption is called a "shining avalanche". This is when the newly ejected magma forms a hot pyroclastic flow with temperatures up to 1,200 degrees Celsius. Pyroclastic flows are formed from rock fragments after a volcanic eruption, and the flow swoops down the sides of the volcano at velocities up to several hundred kilometers per hour, often up to 10 km, and in some cases up to 40 km from the original disaster. .. Point.

The League of Nations response will be coordinated to meet the needs of each particular situation. Providing safe areas, shelters, water, food and health supplies is fundamental, as migration is often the result. In general, the response prioritizes temporary shelter materials. Safe water and basic hygiene. Grocery; and short-term provision of basic medical services and supplies Volcanic disasters are caused by lava flows, lahars, and pyroclastic flows caused by volcanic activity such as eruptions. It covers a wide area. Volcanic disasters can cause massive damage and serious personal injury. Secondary disasters such as debris flows are often caused by rainfall after a volcanic eruption.

Q7) Explain disaster preparedness.  (5)

A7) The goal of the emergency preparedness program is to achieve a sufficient level of preparedness to respond to any emergency through a program that strengthens the technical and administrative capabilities of governments, organizations, and communities. These measures can be described as logistical support for disaster response and can be enhanced by response mechanisms and procedures, rehearsals, long-term and short-term strategy development, public education, and early warning systems.

Preparation can also take the form of ensuring that strategic stockpiles of food, equipment, water, medicines, and other necessities are maintained in the event of a national or local catastrophe. In the preparatory phase, governments, organizations, and individuals plan to save lives, minimize disaster damage, and strengthen disaster response operations.

Preparatory measures include a preparatory plan. Emergency exercises / training; Warning systems; Emergency communication systems; Evacuation planning and training. Resource inventory. Paramedics / contact list; mutual aid agreements; and public information / education.

As with mitigation efforts, preparatory measures depend on incorporating appropriate measures into national and regional development plans. In addition, its effectiveness depends on the availability of information on hazards, urgent risks, and actions to be taken, and the availability of this information to government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the general public.

In the event of a disaster, humanitarian agencies are often required to respond quickly and respond to recovery. To be effective, these agencies have experienced leaders, trained personnel, appropriate transport and logistical support, appropriate communication, and guidelines for working in emergencies. Is needed. If the necessary preparations are not made, humanitarian agencies will not be able to meet the urgent needs of people.

Q8) What are the psychology effects of disaster on human life?  (5)

A8) Tornadoes, hurricanes, floods and wildfires cause massive property damage. The physical damage caused by natural disasters is devastating in terms of cost and reconstruction. The psychological consequences of a disaster also affect the survivors of the disaster. Physical damage from natural disasters is often repaired long before long-term psychological consequences are identified. The imminent stress of natural disasters causes adrenaline to have a primitive physical response to fear. Adrenaline responses provoke both physical and psychological coping mechanisms, enabling rapid response to imminent threats and the ability to protect and seek protection.

Immediately after the disaster threat has passed, relief services for the injured are usually initiated and the search for missing and dead begins. As the shock of an imminent disaster begins to fade, it will be replaced by the long-term shock of natural disaster victims and rescuers. As the rush of survival instincts begins to diminish, mental turmoil, anguish, and helplessness begin to overcome the victims, seeing the ruin of home debris, memories, and their personal possessions. Others who have been hit by natural disasters are experiencing the sadness of losing their loved ones, neighbors, or acquaintances.

When an entire community is destroyed by a natural disaster, there is a common psychotic reaction to the loss of personal property, homes, memories, as well as neighbourhoods and entire towns. The comfort of the first group can relieve the first shock when others gather to provide shelter, food, medical and physical assistance. Assistance from outside the disaster area temporarily relieves the victim's psychological stress. Relief personnel are temporarily relieved of stress and anxiety by meeting the physical needs of the victim and later appear in the form of psychological scars.

In the event of a disaster, recognizing that the effects will continue after physical recovery and the belief that the psychological services provided with food and housing are an important part of recovery efforts, algae scientists are now rescue workers.

Q9) What are the stages of  psychological distress after a disaster?  (5)

A9) Stage of psychological distress after a disaster

The first shock of an event, such as a flood, fire, hurricane, tornado, or bomb, is a mental shock. Shock is a natural mental defense mechanism that manifests itself in physical reactions. Shock as a medical condition is life-threatening. Shock changes blood pressure, altering mental arousal, respiratory function and arousal.

b.  Anxiety – When a disaster occurs at home or elsewhere, you lose your sense of security. In everyday life, people expect safety at home, at school, or at work. In the event of a disaster, these familiar and safe havens suddenly become vulnerable and dangerous places. When the houses around you are destroyed, your sense of security is shattered. Anxiety felt after surviving a disaster exacerbates and can cause depression-leading anxiety, further contributing to psychological damage.

c.  Post-traumatic stress (PTSD) – The term was disseminated by psychological counselors who were treating veterans in Vietnam, but is now a perceived psychological state that stems from highly stressful situations. Is. Immediately after the disaster, some people deal with the first shock and move on to the restructuring phrase as if nothing had happened. Symptoms of PTSD can occur weeks, months, or even years later.

d.  Obsessive-compulsive disorder – Extreme anxiety caused by the loss of a safe haven in the event of a disaster can lead to obsessive-compulsive disorder for safety. Obsessive-compulsive behavior from disaster survivors can include over-preparation for any event. Disaster Symptoms Psychological obsessive-compulsive disorder may include excessive preparation for the same type of disaster that you have experienced, but it also includes excessive precautions in your daily life. Compulsions caused by the untreated psychological consequences of surviving a disaster may include irrelevant behaviors such as constantly checking keys and closing doors.

e.  Fear – Injustice is a common psychological disorder in people who survive a disaster. It is a disorder that is difficult to diagnose and treat because it is caused by different stimuli for different reasons. Even victims find it difficult to explain exactly what caused the risk of a panic attack.

Mental health professionals have found a large number of disaster survivors, including generalized anxiety disorder, extreme stress, extreme eating disorders, and other problems that survivors are trying to control the environment before the disaster reoccurs. We often see irrelevant psychological effects of. The psychological consequences of a disaster are not limited to the victims and survivors of the event. Relief and aid workers also exhibit the psychological symptoms of devastation, injury, death, homelessness, sadness and shock.

Q10) Explain factors contributing to disaster. (8)

A10) Disaster management aims to reduce or avoid potential hazard losses, ensure prompt and appropriate assistance to disaster victims, and achieve rapid and effective recovery. A disaster management cycle is an ongoing process in which governments, businesses, and civil society plan disasters, mitigate their impact, respond during and shortly after a disaster, and take steps to recover after a disaster occurs

Mitigation and prevention are used as synonyms. Some experts prefer to remove the term mitigation and use only prevention. Mitigation means reducing the severity of human and property damage caused by a disaster. Prevention is the prevention of human behavior and natural phenomena from causing disasters and emergencies. Primary prevention is to mitigate-avoid-avoid the risk of an event by removing hazards and vulnerabilities. For example, primary prevention is to avoid overcrowding and deforestation and provide services. Healthy people in a healthy environment are not vulnerable to most dangers. Immunizing people against smallpox reduced their vulnerability to the virus and gradually eradicated the disease. Secondary prevention means recognizing an event quickly and mitigating its impact,  that is, paying attention to the potential for population migration. Being ready to provide refugees with vaccinations, food, clean water, sanitation and medical care will help healthier people in a healthy environment better overcome emergencies.

Relief and rehabilitation

Immediate emergency response is provided in a very political and emotional environment. The general public is demanding, perhaps unnecessary, but visible action, at the expense of a proven and unobtrusive approach. The international community is eager to show solidarity and exercise its "right to humanitarian intervention," and its own relief based on the belief that local health services do not want or cannot respond. We are doing activities. Useless medicines and drug donations, as well as late arrivals of medical and fact-finding teams, increase the stress on local staff who may be personally affected by the disaster. The cultural neglect of the humanitarian community for a cost-effective approach in the event of a disaster and the tendency to make decisions based on perceptions and myths rather than facts and lessons learned from past disasters make disaster relief the most cost-effective. It is one of the low health activities.

The responsibility of national or local health authorities is important.

2. Preparation:

The goal of the emergency preparedness program is to achieve a sufficient level of preparedness to respond to any emergency through a program that strengthens the technical and administrative capabilities of governments, organizations, and communities. These measures can be described as logistical support for disaster response and can be enhanced by response mechanisms and procedures, rehearsals, long-term and short-term strategy development, public education, and early warning systems.

Preparation can also take the form of ensuring that strategic stockpiles of food, equipment, water, medicines, and other necessities are maintained in the event of a national or local catastrophe. In the preparatory phase, governments, organizations, and individuals plan to save lives, minimize disaster damage, and strengthen disaster response operations.

Preparatory measures include a preparatory plan. Emergency exercises / training; Warning systems; Emergency communication systems; Evacuation planning and training. Resource inventory. Paramedics / contact list; mutual aid agreements; and public information / education.

As with mitigation efforts, preparatory measures depend on incorporating appropriate measures into national and regional development plans. In addition, its effectiveness depends on the availability of information on hazards, urgent risks, and actions to be taken, and the availability of this information to government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the general public.

In the event of a disaster, humanitarian agencies are often required to respond quickly and respond to recovery. To be effective, these agencies have experienced leaders, trained personnel, appropriate transport and logistical support, appropriate communication, and guidelines for working in emergencies. Is needed. If the necessary preparations are not made, humanitarian agencies will not be able to meet the urgent needs of people.

Q11) Explain human rights in addressing disaster. (8)

A11) Natural disasters are the result of events caused by natural disasters that overwhelm the response capacity of the region and have a profound impact on the social and economic development of the region. Traditionally, natural disasters are viewed as situations that primarily create challenges and problems of humanitarian nature. However, it has become increasingly recognized that human rights protection needs to be provided even in these situations.

Tsunamis, hurricanes, and earthquakes that struck parts of Asia and the Americas in 2004/2005 highlight the need to pay attention to multiple human rights issues that victims of such disasters may face. I made it. In many cases, the human rights of victims are not fully considered. Unequal access to aid, discrimination in aid provision, displacement, sexual and gender-based violence, document loss, recruitment of children into combat units, unsafe or involuntary return or resettlement, and property Return issues are often encountered by people affected by natural disasters.

In addition, many internally displaced persons are displaced by volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, droughts, landslides, or earthquakes that destroy homes and shelters and force affected people to leave their homes and settlements. Will be. Experience has shown that the longer you live in evacuation, the greater the risk of human rights abuses. In particular, discrimination and infringement of economic, social and cultural rights tend to become more systematic over time.

Human rights abuses are often unintentional or unplanned. It can also be due to lack of resources and capacity to respond to the consequences of a disaster. Often they are the result of improper policies, ignores, or oversights. These breaches could have been avoided if national and international stakeholders had taken into account the relevant human rights guarantees from the outset. Missions and assessments by the UN Secretary-General's (RSG) delegation on internally displaced persons' human rights show that they are often unaware of the relevance of human rights norms in the context of natural disasters, as well as national authorities. Many of the laws and codes of conduct that apply to natural disaster situations also confuse international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on how to incorporate human rights-based approaches into emergency relief and response. I guarantee.

Human rights must be the legal basis for all humanitarian activities related to natural disasters. There is no other legal framework to guide such activities, especially in areas free of armed conflict. If humanitarian assistance isn't supported a person's rights framework, there's a risk that the main target are going to be too narrow and therefore the basic needs of the victim will not be integrated into the overall planning process. There is also the risk that important factors for reconstruction / reconstruction will be overlooked. Moreover, ignoring the human rights of those affected by natural disasters is not about living in the legal void, but of the laws, rules and institutions that should protect their rights. It means overlooking the fact that you live in a country. International Human Rights Principles should guide disaster risk management, including pre-disaster mitigation and preparatory measures, emergency relief and recovery, and reconstruction efforts. People at risk need to be protected from violence and abuse. Refugees need to be provided with protection and support and can safely and dignifiedly return to their original land and property, integrate locally in the areas where they fled, or settle elsewhere. Countries that need to help you. Adhering to international human rights standards helps ensure that the basic needs of victims and beneficiaries are met. Often, the challenge is how to apply these rules in the operational context.

Q12) Will Mumbai sink if tsunami occurs? (5)

A12) A tsunami is basically a huge increase in sea tides due to a sea earthquake. The tsunami will destroy Mumbai, but the city itself will not sink. After the tsunami, the tide will not submerge the city. In the event of a tsunami, every city is in danger of sinking. As a city, Mumbai is not very defensive against tsunamis, Mumbai has no natural coastline, and only a few areas have natural mangrove forests, making efforts to set up a tsunami difficult. Although the possibility of a tsunami is low, there are active seismic areas around Mumbai that can cause earthquakes.

Floods in Mumbai after the tsunami are imminent, but the soils in Mumbai are sandy or loamy, both of which are quite water-retaining and will continue to flood for some time. Skyscrapers survive depending on how well their foundations can be maintained. Mumbai will never be completely "sunk" by the tsunami, but it can certainly be flooded by the tsunami water.

Therefore, in reality, only rising sea levels can sink Mumbai.

Q13) What is disaster management?   (5)

A13) A disaster can be defined as an event that causes widespread destruction and distress. Disaster management does not circumvent or eliminate threats. Instead, it focuses on developing plans to reduce the impact of disasters. Failure to plan can lead to property damage, human deaths and loss of revenue. Events subject to disaster management include terrorist acts, fires, man-made disasters (electric fires, structural problems, industrial disruptions, etc.), natural disasters (earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, floods, etc.), public turmoil, communications. There are obstacles and so on. Disaster management is a collective term that includes all aspects of emergency and disaster planning and response, including both pre-event and post-event activities. This refers to managing both the risk and outcome of an event.

In essence, disaster management is quite just response and relief. This is a systematic process aimed at reducing the adverse effects and consequences of adverse events.

Disaster management goals

Proactive planning to mitigate various business risks

Minimize loss through more effective preparation and response

Create a more effective and durable recovery.

Q14) What are the psychological effects of disaster on human life?  (5)

A14) Tornadoes, hurricanes, floods and wildfires cause massive property damage. The physical damage caused by natural disasters is devastating in terms of cost and reconstruction. The psychological consequences of a disaster also affect the survivors of the disaster. Physical damage from natural disasters is often repaired long before long-term psychological consequences are identified. The imminent stress of natural disasters causes adrenaline to have a primitive physical response to fear. Adrenaline responses provoke both physical and psychological coping mechanisms, enabling rapid response to imminent threats and the ability to protect and seek protection.

Immediately after the disaster threat has passed, relief services for the injured are usually initiated and the search for missing and dead begins. As the shock of an imminent disaster begins to fade, it will be replaced by the long-term shock of natural disaster victims and rescuers. As the rush of survival instincts begins to diminish, mental turmoil, anguish, and helplessness begin to overcome the victims, seeing the ruin of home debris, memories, and their personal possessions. Others who have been hit by natural disasters are experiencing the sadness of losing their loved ones, neighbors, or acquaintances.

When an entire community is destroyed by a natural disaster, there is a common psychotic reaction to the loss of personal property, homes, memories, as well as neighbourhoods and entire towns. The comfort of the first group can relieve the first shock when others gather to provide shelter, food, medical and physical assistance. Assistance from outside the disaster area temporarily relieves the victim's psychological stress. Relief personnel are temporarily relieved of stress and anxiety by meeting the physical needs of the victim and later appear in the form of psychological scars.

In the event of a disaster, recognizing that the effects will continue after physical recovery and the belief that the psychological services provided with food and housing are an important part of recovery efforts, algae scientists are now rescue workers.

Q15) What are the socio and economic effects of disaster? (5)

A15) There is some of the biggest impacts a country can experience. All of these are problems caused as a result of natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis.

Every time a natural disaster occurs, it has many negative effects. One of the main negative effects is the decline in tourists in the area. People are more cautious about going to areas that have recently been victims of natural disasters. This counters the recent surge in online travel and keeps businesses away from the country. This is human nature. It is a self-preserving instinct that many of us have begun. If a town, city, or country has recently experienced an earthquake or severe flood, people may not want to visit. When tourists travel there, they may be worried about being involved in a disaster. This is bad for many places that rely on tourism to boost their economy.

b.  Repair and treatment costs

Whenever a natural disaster strikes, it damages the infrastructure and people in the immediate vicinity. The problem is that repairing all damage, not to mention the cost, is a big job. It is not always possible to rescue people, repair damage and restore property on their own. You may need to bring in a disaster recovery and asset recovery leader to help. It takes a lot of effort and cost to think, and as a result, people's lives can be ruined.

c.  Likely to happen again

One of the most frustrating things about natural disasters is that there is not much you can do to avoid them. Or do you have one? The problem with recent natural disasters is that they can be attributed to humans. This is even worse, as that means they shouldn't happen. Humans interfere with the earth, increasing the likelihood of natural disasters. And the problem is that poor areas are struck by the lack of equipment to deal with this type of thing. This means that the cycle is self-persistent and will probably occur continuously.

d.  Financial burden

The biggest problem with natural disasters is the economic impact of natural disasters on the country's economy. Whenever a natural disaster occurs, it can cause millions of damages and even repair debris. In fact, actuaries elaborated on the economic losses of natural disasters of $ 240 billion annually. This is a tremendous cost and not good for the economies of the affected countries. The problem is that this fallout is so costly that many countries have to fall into a debt spiral and get back on track. This is especially true for many Third World countries that lack the finances and infrastructure to deal with it.