100904 - Speech and Audio Processing

Introduction- Speech production and modeling - Human Auditory System; General structure of speech coders; Classification of speech coding techniques – parametric, waveform and hybrid ; Requirements of speech codecs –quality, coding delays, robustness.

Speech Signal Processing- Pitch-period estimation, all-pole and all-zero filters, convolution; Power spectral density, periodogram, autoregressive model, autocorrelation estimation.

Linear Prediction of Speech- Basic concepts of linear prediction; Linear Prediction Analysis of non- stationary signals –prediction gain, examples; Levinson-Durbin algorithm; Long term and short-term linear prediction models; Moving average prediction.

Speech Quantization- Scalar quantization–uniform quantizer, optimum quantizer, logarithmic quantizer, adaptive quantizer, differential quantizers; Vector quantization – distortion measures, codebook design, codebook types.

Scalar Quantization of LPC- Spectral distortion measures, Quantization based on reflection coefficient and log area ratio, bit allocation; Line spectral frequency – LPC to LSF conversions, quantization based on LSF.

Linear Prediction Coding- LPC model of speech production; Structures of LPCencoders and decoders; Voicing detection; Limitations of the LPC model.

Code Excited Linear Prediction- CELP speech production model; Analysis-by-synthesis; Generic CELP encoders and decoders; Excitation codebook search – state-save method, zero- input zero-state method; CELP based on adaptive codebook, Adaptive Codebook search; Low Delay CELP and algebraic CELP.

Speech Coding Standards-An overview of ITU-T G.726, G.728 and G.729standards

Text/Reference Books:
1. “Digital Speech” by A.M.Kondoz, Second Edition (Wiley Students‟ Edition), 2004.
2. “Speech Coding Algorithms: Foundation and Evolution of Standardized Coders”, W.C. Chu, Wiley Inter science, 2003.

PCC-CE308 Construction Engineering & Management

3 credits

Module 1: Basics of Construction- Unique features of construction, construction projects- types and features, phases of a project, agencies involved and their methods of execution;

Module 2: Construction project planning- Stages of project planning: pre-tender planning, pre- construction planning, detailed construction planning, role of client and contractor, level of detail. Process of development of plans and schedules, work break-down structure, activity lists, assessment of work content, concept of productivities, estimating durations, sequence of activities, activity utility data; Techniques of planning- Bar charts, Gantt Charts. Networks: basic terminology, types of precedence relationships, preparation of CPM networks: activity on link and activity on node representation, computation of float values, critical and semi critical paths, calendaring networks.PERT- Assumptions underlying PERT analysis, determining three time estimates, analysis, slack computations, calculation of probability of completion.

Module 3:Construction Methods basics: Types of foundations and construction methods; Basics of Formwork and Staging; Common building construction methods (conventional walls and slabs; conventional framed structure with blockwork walls; Modular construction methods for repetitive works; Precast concrete construction methods; Basics of Slip forming for tall structures; Basic construction methods for steel structures; Basics of construction methods for Bridges.

Module 4: Construction Equipment basics: Conventional construction methods Vs Mechanized methods and advantages of latter; Equipment for Earthmoving, Dewatering; Concrete mixing, transporting & placing; Cranes, Hoists and other equipment for lifting; Equipment for transportation of materials. Equipment Productivities

Module 5: Planning and organizing construction site and resources- Site: site layout including enabling structures, developing site organization, Documentation at site; Manpower: planning, organizing, staffing, motivation; Materials: concepts of planning, procurement and inventory control; Equipment: basic concepts of planning and organizing; Funds: cash flow, sources of funds; Histograms and S-Curves. Earned Value; Resource Scheduling- Bar chart, line of balance technique, resource constraints and conflicts; resource aggregation, allocation, smoothening and leveling. Common Good Practices in Construction

Module 6: Project Monitoring & Control- Supervision, record keeping, periodic progress reports, periodical progress meetings. Updating of plans: purpose, frequency and methods of updating.
Common causes of time and cost overruns and corrective measures. Basics of Modern Project management systems such as Lean Construction; Use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in project management; Quality control: concept of quality, quality of constructed structure, use of manuals and checklists for quality control, role of inspection, basics of statistical quality control. Safety, Health and Environment on project sites: accidents; their causes, effects and preventive measures, costs of accidents, occupational health problems in construction, organizing for safety and health.

Module 7: Contracts Management basics: Importance of contracts; Types of Contracts, parties to a contract; Common contract clauses (Notice to proceed, rights and duties of various parties, notices to be given, Contract Duration and Price. Performance parameters; Delays, penalties and liquidated damages; Force Majeure, Suspension and Termination. Changes & variations, Dispute Resolution methods.

Module 8: Construction Costs: Make-up of construction costs; Classification of costs, timecost trade-off in construction projects, compression and decompression.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Varghese, P.C., “Building Construction”, Prentice Hall India, 2007.
2. National Building Code, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2017.
3. Chudley, R., Construction Technology, ELBS Publishers, 2007.
4. Peurifoy, R.L. Construction Planning, Methods and Equipment, McGraw Hill, 2011
5. Nunnally, S.W. Construction Methods and Management, Prentice Hall, 2006
6. Jha, Kumar Neeraj., Construction Project management, Theory & Practice, Pearson Education India, 2015
7. Punmia, B.C., Khandelwal, K.K., Project Planning with PERT and CPM, Laxmi Publications, 2016.

PCC-CE309 Engineering Economics, Estimation & Costing

Module 1:Basic Principles and Methodology of Economics. Demand/Supply – elasticity – Government Policies and Application. Theory of the Firm and Market Structure. Basic Macro-
economic Concepts (including GDP/GNP/NI/Disposable Income) and Identities for both closed and open economies. Aggregate demand and Supply (IS/LM). Price Indices (WPI/CPI), Interest rates,
Direct and Indirect Taxes 

Module 2: Public Sector Economics –Welfare, Externalities, Labour Market. Components of Monetary and Financial System, Central Bank –Monetary Aggregates; Commercial Banks & their functions; Capital and Debt Markets. Monetary and Fiscal Policy Tools & their impact on the economy – Inflation and Phillips Curve. 

Module 3:Elements of Business/Managerial Economics and forms of organizations. Cost & Cost Control –Techniques, Types of Costs, Lifecycle costs, Budgets, Break even Analysis, Capital Budgeting, Application of Linear Programming. Investment Analysis – NPV, ROI, IRR, Payback Period, Depreciation, Time value of money (present and future worth of cash flows). Business Forecasting – Elementary techniques. Statements – Cash flow, Financial. Case Study Method. 

Module 4:Indian economy - Brief overview of post-independence period – plans. Post reform Growth, Structure of productive activity. Issues of Inclusion – Sectors, States/Regions, Groups of people (M/F), Urbanization. Employment–Informal, Organized, Unorganized, Public, Private. Challenges and Policy Debates in Monetary, Fiscal, Social, External sectors. 

Module 5:Estimation / Measurements for various items- Introduction to the process of Estimation; Use of relevant Indian Standard Specifications for the same, taking out quantities from the given requirements of the work, comparison of different alternatives, Bar bending schedules, Mass haul Diagrams, Estimating Earthwork and Foundations, Estimating Concrete and Masonry, Finishes, Interiors, MEP works; BIM and quantity take-offs; adding equipment costs; labour costs; rate analysis; Material survey-Thumb rules for computation of materials requirement for different materials for buildings, percentage breakup of the cost, cost sensitive index, market survey of basic materials. Use of Computers in quantity surveying

Module 6: Specifications-Types, requirements and importance, detailed specifications for buildings, roads, minor bridges and industrial structures. 

Module 7: Rate analysis-Purpose, importance and necessity of the same, factors affecting, task work, daily output from different equipment/ productivity. 

Module 8: Tender- Preparation of tender documents, importance of inviting tenders, contract types, relative merits, prequalification. general and special conditions, termination of contracts, extra work and Changes, penalty and liquidated charges, Settlement of disputes, R.A. Bill & Final Bill, Payment of advance, insurance, claims, price variation, etc. Preparing Bids- Bid Price buildup: Material, Labour, Equipment costs, Risks, Direct & Indirect Overheads, Profits; Bid conditions, alternative specifications; Alternative Bids. Bid process management 

Module 9: Introduction to Acts pertaining to-Minimum wages, Workman's compensation,
Contracts, Arbitration, Easement rights.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Mankiw Gregory N. (2002), Principles of Economics, Thompson Asia
2. V. Mote, S. Paul, G. Gupta(2004), Managerial Economics, Tata McGraw Hill
3. Misra, S.K. and Puri (2009), Indian Economy, Himalaya
4. Pareek Saroj (2003), Textbook of Business Economics, Sunrise Publishers
5. M Chakravarty, Estimating, Costing Specifications & Valuation
6. Joy P K, Handbook of Construction Management, Macmillan 7. B.S. Patil, Building & Engineering Contracts 8. Relevant Indian Standard Specifications.
9. World Bank Approved Contract Documents.
10. FIDIC Contract Conditions.
11. Acts Related to Minimum Wages, Workmen’s Compensation, Contract, and Arbitration

12. Typical PWD Rate Analysis documents.
13. UBS Publishers & Distributors, Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering: Theory and Practice including Specification and Valuations,2016
14. Dutta, B.N., Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering (Theory & Practice), UBS Publishers, 2016

PCC-CE303 Design Of Steel Structure

Module 1: Introduction: Steel structures, material properties, Limit states and design philosophies; analysis and design methods, Loads, partial safety factors and load combinations, analysis of roof for wind loads. Codes and standards. Section Classification: Plastic, compact, semi-compact, and slender sections.

Module 2: Connections: Structural fasteners - Rivets, bolts and welds, strength under combined stresses, Bolted and Welded Connections - Simple and Eccentric and Column bases.I

Module 3: Tension members: Design based on net section including shear lag effects and block shear, lug angles. Compression members:

Module 4: Design for flexural and flexural-torsional buckling, Effective length factor: Sway and Non- sway frames, Local buckling, Built-up columns - Battens and lacings. Laterally Supported and Unsupported Beams

Module 5: Design strength using shear-moment interaction; Built-up beams, Shear buckling strength, Plate girders and design of stiffeners, Lateral torsional buckling, Effect of restraints and effective length.

Module 6: Beam-Columns: Effect of axial load on flexure behaviour, P-M interaction and moment amplification, Flexural torsional buckling and Bi-axial bending.

Text/Reference Books:
1. McCormac, J.C., Nelson, J.K. Jr., Structural Steel Design. 3rd edition. Prentice Hall, N.J., 2003.
2. Galambos, T.V., Lin, F.J., Johnston, B.G., Basic Steel Design with LRFD, Prentice Hall, 1996
3. Segui, W. T., LRFD Steel Design, 2nd Ed., PWS Publishing, Boston.
4. Salmon, C.G. and Johnson, J.E., Steel Structures: Design and Behavior, 3rd Edition, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York, 1990.
5. Related Codes of Practice of BIS
6. NBC, National Building Code, BIS (2017).
7. ASCE, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7-02, American Society of Civil Engineers, Virginia, 2002.
8. Subramanian, N. (2010). Steel Structures: Design and Practice, Oxford University Press.
9. Duggal, S.K. (2014). Limit State Design of Steel Structures, McGraw Hill.