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Syllabus
DE
Digital Electronics (Syllabus)
ESC 401 Digital Electronics
5 Credits
Module 1
Fundamentals of Digital Systems and logic families: Digital signals, digital circuits, AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and Exclusive-OR operations, Boolean algebra, examples of IC gates, number systems-binary, signed binary, octal hexadecimal number, binary arithmetic, one’s and two’s complements arithmetic, codes, error detecting and correcting codes, characteristics of digital lCs, digital logic families, TTL, Schottky TTL and CMOS logic, interfacing CMOS and TTL, Tri - state logic.
Module 2
Combinational Digital Circuits: Standard representation for logic functions K-map representation, simplification of logic functions using K-map, minimization of logical functions. Don’t care conditions, Multiplexer, DeMultiplexer/Decoders, Adders, Subtractors, BCD arithmetic, carry look ahead adder, serial adder, ALU, elementary ALU design, popular MSI chips, digital comparator, parity checker/generator, code converters, priority encoders, decoders/drivers for display devices, Q-M method of function realization.
Module 3
Sequential circuits and systems: A 1-bit memory, the circuit properties of Bistable latch, the clocked SR flip flop, J- K-T and D types flip flops, applications of flip flops, shift registers, applications of shift registers, serial to parallel converter, parallel to serial converter, ring counter, sequence generator, ripple (Asynchronous) counters, synchronous counters, counters design using flip flops, special counter IC’s, asynchronous sequential counters, applications of counters.
Module 4
A/D and D/A Converters: Digital to analog converters: weighted resistor/converter, R-2RLadder D/A converter, specifications for D/A converters, examples of D/A converter lCs, sample and hold circuit, analog to digital converters: quantization and encoding, parallel comparator A/D converter, successive approximation A/D converter, counting A/D converter, dual slope A/D converter, A/D converter using Voltage to frequency and voltage to time conversion, specifications of A/D converters, example of A/D converter ICs.
Module 5
Semiconductor memories and Programmable logic devices: Memory organization and operation, expanding memory size, classification and characteristics of memories, sequential memory, read only memory (ROM), read and write memory(RAM), content addressable memory (CAM), charge de coupled device memory (CCD), commonly used memory chips, ROM as a PLD, Programmable logic array, Programmable array logic, complex Programmable logic devices (CPLDS), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
Suggested books:
1. R. P. Jain, "Modern Digital Electronics", McGraw Hill Education, 2009.
2. M. M. Mano, "Digital logic and Computer design", Pearson Education India, 2016.
3. A. Kumar, "Fundamentals of Digital Circuits", Prentice Hall India, 2016.
EM2
Electrical Machines – II (Syllabus)
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EEM
Electrical and Electronics Measurement (Syllabus)
Electrical and Electronics Measurement
Module 1: Measurement and Error (8 Hours)
Measurement and Error: Definition, Accuracy and Precision, Significant Figures, Types of Errors.
Standards of Measurement: Classification of Standards, Electrical Standards, IEEE Standards. Types
of measuring instrument: Ammeter and Voltmeter: Derivation for Deflecting Torque of; PMMC, MI
(attraction and repulsion types), Electro Dynamometer and Induction type Ammetersand
Voltmeters. Energy meters and wattmeter.: Construction, Theory and Principle of operation of
Electro-Dynamometer and Induction type wattmeter, compensation, creep, error, testing, Single
Phase and Poly phase Induction type Watt-hour meters. Frequency Meters: Vibrating reed type,
electrical resonance type, Power Factor Meters.
Module 2: Measurement of Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance: (8 Hrs)
Resistance: Measurement of Low Resistance by Kelvin’s Double Bridge, Measurement of Medium
Resistance, Measurement of High Resistance, Measurement of Resistance of Insulating Materials,
Portable Resistance Testing set (Megohmmeter), Measurement of Insulation Resistance when
Power is ON, Measurement of Resistance of Earth Connections. Inductance: Measurement of Self
Inductance by Ammeter and Voltmeter, and AC Bridges(Maxwell’s, Hay’s, & Anderson Bridge),
Measurement of Mutual Inductance by Felici’s Method, and as Self Inductance. Capacitance:
Measurement of Capacitance by Ammeter and Voltmeter, and AC Bridges (Owen’s, Schering &
Wien’s Bridge), Screening of Bridge Components and Wagnor Earthing Device.
Module 3: (8 Hrs)
Galvanometer: (5 Hrs) Construction, Theory and Principle of operation of D’Arsonval,
Vibration(Moving Magnet & Moving Coil types), and Ballistic Galvanometer, Influence of Resistance
on Damping, Logarithmic decrement, Calibration of Galvanometers, Galvanometer Constants,
Measurement of Flux and Magnetic Field by using Galvanometers. Potentiometer: Construction,
Theory and Principle of operation of DC Potentiometers(Crompton, Vernier, Constant Resistance, &
Deflection Potentiometer), and AC Potentiometers (Drysdale-Tinsley & Gall-Tinsley Potentiometer).
Module 4 :(8 Hrs)
Current Transformer and Potential Transformer :(3 Hrs) Construction, Theory, Characteristics and
Testing of CTs and PTs. Electronic Instruments for Measuring Basic Parameters:(2 Hrs) Amplified DC
Meters, AC Voltmeters using Rectifiers, True RMS Voltmeter, Considerations for choosing an Analog
Voltmeter, Digital Voltmeters (Block Diagrams only), Q-meter Oscilloscope:(3 Hrs) Block Diagrams,
Delay Line, Multiple Trace, Oscilloscope Probes, Oscilloscope Techniques, Introduction to Analog
and Digital Storage Oscilloscopes, Measurement of Frequency, Phase Angle, and Time Delay using
Oscilloscope
SS
Signals and Systems (Syllabus)
Signals & Systems
Module 1: Introduction to Signals and Systems (3 hours):
Signals and systems as seen in everyday life, and in various branches of engineering and science.
Signal properties: periodicity, absolute integrability, determinism and stochastic character. Some
special signals of importance: the unit step, the unit impulse, the sinusoid, the complex
exponential, some special time-limited signals; continuous and discrete time signals, continuous
and discrete amplitude signals. System properties: linearity: additivity and homogeneity, shift-
invariance, causality, stability, realizability. Examples.
Module 2: Behavior of continuous and discrete-time LTI systems (8 hours)
Impulse response and step response, convolution, input-output behavior with a periodic
convergent inputs, cascade interconnections. Characterization of causality and stability of LTI
systems. System representation through differential equations and difference equations. State-
space Representation of systems. State-Space Analysis, Multi-input, multi-output representation.
State Transition Matrix and its Role. Periodic inputs to an LTI system, the notion of a frequency
response and its relation to the impulse response.
Module 3: Fourier, Laplace and z- Transforms (10 hours)
Fourier series representation of periodic signals, Wave form Symmetries, Calculation of Fourier
Coefficients. Fourier Transform, convolution/multiplication and their effect in the frequency
domain, magnitude and phase response, Fourier domain duality. The Discrete-Time Fourier
Transform (DTFT) and the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). Parseval's Theorem. Review of the
Laplace Transform for continuous time signals and systems, system functions, poles and zeros of
system functions and signals, Laplace domain analysis, solution to differential equations and system
behavior. The z-Transform for discrete time signals and systems, system functions, poles and zeros
of systems and sequences, z- domain analysis.
Module 4: Sampling and Reconstruction (4 hours)
The Sampling Theorem and its implications. Spectra of sampled signals. Reconstruction: ideal
interpolator, zero-order hold, first-order hold. Aliasing and its effects. Relation between continuous
and discrete time systems. Introduction to the applications of signal and system theory: modulation
for communication, filtering, feedback control systems.
BIO1
Biology-I (Syllabus)
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M3
Mathematics III (Probability and Statistics) (Syllabus)
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AEC
Analog Electronic Circuits (Syllabus)
PCC-EE03 Analog Electronic Circuits
Module 1: Diode circuits
P-N junction diode, I-V characteristics of a diode; review of half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, Zener diodes, clamping and clipping circuits.
Module 2: BJT circuits
Structure and I-V characteristics of a BJT; BJT as a switch. BJT as an amplifier: small-signal model, biasing circuits, current mirror; common-emitter, common-base and common-collector amplifiers; Small signal equivalent circuits, high-frequency equivalent circuits
Module 3: MOSFET circuits
MOSFET structure and I-V characteristics. MOSFET as a switch. MOSFET as an amplifier: small- signal model and biasing circuits, common-source, common-gate and common-drain amplifiers; small signal equivalent circuits - gain, input and output impedances, trans-conductance, high frequency equivalent circuit.
Module 4: Differential, multi-stage and operational amplifiers
Differential amplifier; power amplifier; direct coupled multi-stage amplifier; internal structure of an operational amplifier, ideal op-amp, non-idealities in an op-amp (Output offset voltage, input bias current, input offset current, slew rate, gain bandwidth product), Frequency Response of the amplifier.
Module 5: Linear applications of op-amp
Idealized analysis of op-amp circuits. Inverting a n d non-inverting amplifier, differential amplifier, +instrumentation amplifier, integrator, active filter, P, PI and PID controllers and lead/lag compensator using an op-amp, voltage regulator, Feedback amplifiers and Oscillators design (Wein bridge and phase shift). Analog to Digital Conversion.
Module 6: Nonlinear applications of op-amp
Hysteretic Comparator, Zero Crossing Detector, Square-wave and triangular-wave generators. Precision rectifier, peak detector. Monoshot.
Text/References:
1. A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits”, New York, Oxford University Press, 1998.
2. J. V. Wait, L. P. Huelsman and G. A. Korn, “Introduction to Operational Amplifier theory and applications”, McGraw Hill U. S., 1992.
3. J. Millman and A. Grabel, “Microelectronics”, McGraw Hill Education, 1988.
4. P. Horowitz and W. Hill, “The Art of Electronics”, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
5. P.R. Gray, R.G. Meyer and S. Lewis, “Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits”, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.