Principles of Economics 

Unit I : Introduction
a) Demand and supply : Determinants of demand, movements vs, shift in demand curve,
determinants of supply,
b) Elasticity of Demand and Supply
c) Application of demand and supply

Unit II : Consumer Theory
Ordinal Utility Theory: (Indifference Curve Approach); Consumer’s preferences, Budget Line,
Consumer’s equilibrium, Income and Substitution effects, Price consumption curve, Derivation of
the demand curve for a commodity, Criticism of the law of demand

Unit III : Production and Cost
Production: Firm as an agent of production, Concept of Production Function, Law of Variable
proportions, Isoquants, Return to scale, Economies and Diseconomies of Scale.
Costs:, long run and short run costs of production. Profit maximisation and cost minimisation,
Equilibrium of the firm, Technology Change in the very long run

Unit IV : Market Structure
(a) Perfect Competition : Assumptions. Theory of the firm under perfect competition, Demand
and revenue, Equilibrium of the firm in the short and long runs .
(b) Monopoly: Short run and long run equilibrium of monopoly firm. Price discrimination.
(c) Imperfect Competition: Difference between Perfect Competition ,Monopoly and Imperfect
competition, Monopolistic Competition: Assumption, Short run equilibrium, Long run
equilibrium, Oligopoly: Cause for the existence of oligopolistic firms in the market rather than
perfect competition, Co-operative vs. Non co-operative behaviour and dilemma of oligopolistic
firms.

Unit V : Income Distribution and Factor Pricing
Demand for factors, Supply of factor, Backward bending supply curve for labour concepts of
economic rent, Functional distribution of income

                                                                                                                      Financial Accounting 

Unit 1 (a): Theoretical Frame work
i. Accounting as an information system , the user of financial accounting information and
their needs. Qualitative characteristics of accounting information. Functions of
accounting.
ii. The nature of financial accounting principles- Basic Concepts and Conventions, Salient
features of Accounting Standard.

(b) Accounting Process
From recording of a business transaction to preparation of trial balance including adjustments: Capital
and Revenue expenditure & receipts. Preparation of trial balance, Profit and Loss Account and Balance
Sheet (Sole Proprietorship only)

Unit II (a) Business Income
i. Measurement of Business Income- Net Income : Accounting period, the continuity
doctrine and matching concept
ii. Revenue: Concept, revenue recognition principles, recognition of expenses

(b) Preparation of financial statements of not for profit organizations

Unit III: Accounting for Hire Purchase and Consignment.
i. Accounting for hire purchase transactions, journal entries, ledger accounts in the books
of Hire Vendor and Hire Purchaser for large value
ii. Consignment : Features, Accounting treatment in the books of consignor and consignee.
 

Unit IV: Accounting for Inland Branches
Inland Branches, Dependent Branches only and Ascertainment of profit by Debtors Method

Unit V: Accounting of Dissolution of Partnership firm
Simple dissolution, Insolvency of all partners

                                                                                       Business Studies

Unit I : Foundation of Indian Business
Indian Experience of Liberalization and Globalization, Technological Innovations and Skill
Development, ‘Make in India’ Movement, Social responsibility and ethics, Emerging opportunities in
business and E-Commerce.

Unit II: Business Enterprise
Sole Proprietorship, One Person Company, Joint Hindu Family Firm, Partnership Firm, Joint Stock
Company, Cooperative Society.

Unit III: The Process of Management
Planning; Decision making; Organising: Basic Consideration, Departmentation – Functional, Project,
Delegation and Decentralizatiion of Authority.

Unit IV :
Leadership : Concept and Styles, Modern Theory of Leadership. Motivation: Concept and Importance,
Maslow Need Hierarchy Theory, Herzberg Two Factors Theory, Control : Concept and Process,
Communication: Process and Barriers. Change Management : Resistance to change and strategies to
manage change, Conflict levels, causes and resolution.

Unit V:
Conceptual Framework of Marketing Management, Human Resource Management.

BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

Unit I: Introduction

Nature, Process and Importance of Communication, Types of Communication (verbal and Non Verbal), Different forms of Communication. Barriers to Communication 

Unit II: Business Correspondence

Letter Writing, presentation, living quotations, Sending quotations, Placing orders, inviting tenders, Sales Letters, claim & adjustment letters and social correspondence. 

Unit III: Report Writing

Identify the types of reports, define the basic format of a report, identify the steps of report writing, determine the process of writing a report, Apply citation rules in reports. 

Unit IV: Business language and presentation

Importance of business language, Common Errors in English, Oral Presentation Importance, Characteristics, Presentation Plan. 

Unit V: Technology and Business Communication

Role, effects and advantages of technology in Business Communication like email, text messaging, instant messaging and modern techniques like video conferencing, social networking, Strategic importance of e- communication. 

Suggested Readings: 

• Lesikar, R.V. & Flatley, M.E.; Basic Communication Skills for Empowering the Internet Generation, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi.
• Bovee, and Thrill, Business Communication Today, Pearson Education
• Shirley Taylor, Communication for Business, Pearson Education
• Locker and Kaczmarek, Business Communication: Building Critical Skills, TMH

AECC – ENVIRONMENT STUDIES Theory: 30 Lectures
Unit 1 : Introduction to environmental studies
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies;
Scope and importance; Concept of sustainability and sustainable development.

(2 lectures)

Unit 2 : Ecosystems
What is an ecosystem? Structure and function of ecosystem; Energy flow in an ecosystem:
food chains, food webs and ecological succession. Case studies of the following ecosystems :
Forest ecosystem
Grassland ecosystem
Desert ecosystem
Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

(2 lectures)

Unit 3 : Natural Resources : Renewable and Non-‐renewable Resources
Land resources and landuse change; Land degradation, soil erosion and desertification.
Deforestation: Causes and impacts due to mining, dam building on environment, forests,
biodiversity and tribal populations.
Water : Use and over-‐exploitation of surface and ground water, floods, droughts, conflicts
over water (international & inter-‐state).
Energy resources : Renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy
sources, growing energy needs, case studies.

(5 lectures)

Unit 4 : Biodiversity and Conservation
Levels of biological diversity : genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; Biogeographic
zones of India; Biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots
India as a mega-‐biodiversity nation; Endangered and endemic species of India
Threats to biodiversity : Habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-‐wildlife conflicts, biological
invasions; Conservation of biodiversity : In-‐situ and Ex-‐situ conservation of biodiversity.

Ecosystem and biodiversity services: Ecological, economic, social, ethical, aesthetic
and Informational value.

(5 lectures)

Unit 5 : Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution : types, causes, effects and controls; Air, water, soil and noise
pollution
Nuclear hazards and human health risks
Solid waste management : Control measures of urban and industrial waste.
Pollution case studies.

(5 lectures)

Unit 6 : Environmental Policies & Practices
Climate change, global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain and impacts on human
communities and agriculture
Environment Laws: Environment Protection Act; Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution)
Act; Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act; Wildlife Protection Act; Forest
Conservation Act. International agreements: Montreal and Kyoto protocols and Convention
on Biological Diversity (CBD).
Nature reserves, tribal populations and rights, and human wildlife conflicts in Indian context.
(4 lectures)

Unit 7 : Human Communities and the Environment
Human population growth: Impacts on environment, human health and welfare.
Resettlement and rehabilitation of project affected persons; case studies.
Disaster management : floods, earthquake, cyclones and landslides.
Environmental movements : Chipko, Silent valley, Bishnois of Rajasthan.
Environmental ethics: Role of Indian and other religions and cultures in environmental
conservation.
Environmental communication and public awareness, case studies (e.g., CNG vehicles
in Delhi).

(3 lectures)

Unit 8 : Field work
Visit to an area to document environmental assets: river/ forest/ flora/fauna, etc.
Visit to a local polluted site-‐Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural.
Study of common plants, insects, birds and basic principles of identification.
Study of simple ecosystems-‐pond, river, Delhi Ridge, etc.

(Equal to 4 lectures)

Suggested Readings:
 Raziuddin, M.., Mishra P.K. 2014, A Handbook of Environmental Studies, Akanaksha Publications, Ranchi.
 Mukherjee, B. 2011: Fundamentals of Environmental Biology.Silverline Publications, Allahabad.
 Carson, R. 2002. Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
 Gadgil, M., & Guha, R.1993. This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India. Univ. of California Press.
 Gleeson, B. and Low, N. (eds.) 1999.Global Ethics and Environment, London, Routledge.
 Gleick, P. H. 1993. Water in Crisis. Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev., Environment &
Security. Stockholm Env. Institute, Oxford Univ. Press.

BUSINESS LAW

Unit I: The Indian Contract Act. 1872 : General Principals of Law Contract
a) Contract – meaning, characteristics and kinds
b) Essentials of valid contract- Offer and acceptance , consideration, contractual capacity
c) Void agreements
d) Discharge of contract – modes of discharge including breach and its remedies.
e) Contingent contracts
f) Quasi – contracts

(15 Lectures)

Unit II: Special Contract
a) Contract of Bailment
b) Contract of Agency

(15 Lectures)

Unit III: The Sale Of Good Act. 1930
a) Contract of Sale, meaning and difference between sale and agreement to sell.
b) Unpaid seller- meaning and rights of an unpaid seller against the good and buyer.
c) Auction Sale

(15 Lectures)

Unit IV: The Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
a) Meaning and Characteristics of Negotiable Instruments : Promissory Note, Bill of Exchange,
Cheque
b) Negotiation: Types and Endorsements
c) Crossing of Cheque
d) Bouncing of Cheques

(15 Lectures)

Unit V: The Information Technology Act, 2000
a) Definitions under the act
b) Electronic Governance
c) Attribution, acknowledgement, and dispatch of electronic records
d) Penalties and Adjudication
e) Appellate Tribunal
f) Offences

AUDITING

Unit I:
Auditing: Introduction, Meaning, Objects, Basic Principles and Techniques, Classification of Audit,
Audit Planning, Internal Control- Internal Check and Internal Audit, Audit Procedure- Vouching and
verification of assets.

(20 Lectures)

Unit II:
Audit of Ltd. Companies: Company Auditor- Qualification and disqualifications, Appointment,
Rotation, Removal, Remuneration, Rights and Duties, Auditor’s Report- Contents and Types, Liabilities
of Statutory Auditors under the Companies Act, 2013.

(20 Lectures)

Unit III:
Special areas of Audit- Special features of Cost Audit, Tax audit and Management audit, Recent trends
in auditing, Basic considerations of audit in EDP Environment.

(20 Lectures)

Unit IV:
Corporate Governance: Conceptual framework of corporate governance, Corporate Governance
Reforms, Major Corporate Scandals in India and abroad; Common Governance Problems noticed in
various corporate failures.

(15 Lectures)

Essential Readings
 Gupta, Kamal and Ashok Arora, Fundamentals of Auditing, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi
 Jha, Aruna, Auditing, Taxman
 Tandon, B.N., S. Sudarshanam and S. Sudharabahu, aHandbook of Practical Auditing, S.Chand Co. Ltd., New Delhi
 Ghatalia, S.V., Practical AuditingAliied Publishres Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
 Singh, A.K., AND Gupta Lovleen, Auditing Theory and Practice, Galgotia Publishing Co.
 Alvin Arens and James Loebbecke, Auditing: An Integrated Approach
 Ravinder Kumar And Virender Sharma, Auditing Principles And Practice, PHI Learning Christine A Mallin,
Corporate Governance (London Edition). Oxford University Press,New Dellhi.
 Bob Tricker, Corporate Governance Principles.Policies And Practice. (London Edition). Oxford University
Press, New Dellhi.
 The Companies Act, 2013 (Relevant Sections).
 MC Kuchhal, Corporate Laws, Shri Mahaveer Book Depot, (Publishers), (Relevant Chapters).
 Relevant Publications of ICAI On Auditing (CARO).

Unit I
Introduction – concepts and variables of macro-economics, income, expenditure and the
circular flow, components of expenditure. Static macro economic analysis short and the long
run – determination of supply, determination of demand, and conditions of equilibrium

Unit II
Economy in the short run – IS–LM framework, fiscal and monetary policy, determination of
aggregate demand, shifts in aggregate demand, aggregate supply in the short and long run, and
aggregate demand- aggregate supply analysis.

Unit III
Inflation, causes of rising and falling inflation, inflation and interest rates, social costs of
inflation. Unemployment – natural rate of unemployment, frictional and wait unemployment.
The trade-off between inflation and unemployment.

Unit IV
Open economy – flows of goods and capital, saving and investment in a small and a large open
economy, exchange rates, Mundell – Fleming model with fixed and flexible prices in a small
open economy with fixed and with flexible exchange rates, interest-rate differentials case of a
large economy.

Unit V
Behavioral Foundations - Investment –determinants of business fixed investment, effect of tax,
determinants of residential investment and inventory investment. Demand for Money – Portfolio and transactions theories of demand for real balances, interest and income elasticity
of demand for real balances, Supply of money.

BANKING REGULATION AND INNOVATIONS

UNIT 1: BANKER ANDCUSTOMERRELATIONSHIP 08 Hrs
Introduction – Meaning of Bank – Banker - Meaning of Customer - general & Special Relationships.
UNIT 2:BANKINGOPERATIONS 16 Hrs
Collecting Banker:Meaning – Duties & Responsibilities of Collecting Banker – Holder for Value
–Holder in Due Course - Statutory Protection to Collecting Banker.
Paying Banker: Meaning, Precautions, Statutory Protection to the Paying Banker, Cheques
Crossing of Cheques, Dishonor of Cheques,Grounds of Dishonor ,Consequences of wrongful
dishonor of Cheques, Endorsement, different types ofendorsements.
UNIT 3: CUSTOMERS ANDACCOUNTHOLDERS 14 Hrs
Procedure and Practice in opening and operating accounts of different customers including Minors
- Meaning & Operations of Joint Account Holders, Partnership Firms, Joint Stock companies,
Executors and Trustees, Clubs and Associations and Joint Hindu Undivided Family
UNIT 4: PRINCIPLES OFBANKLENDING 10 Hrs
Kinds of lending facilities such as Loans, Cash Credit, Overdraft, Bills Discounting, Letters of
Credit – NPA: Meaning, circumstances & impact –regulations of priority lending for commercial
banks.
UNIT 5:BANKINGINNOVATIONS 08 Hrs
New technology in Banking – E-services – Debit and Credit cards, Internet Banking,ATM,
Electronic Fund Transfer, MICR, RTGS, NEFT,DEMAT

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Gordon & Natarajan: Banking Theory Law and Practice,HPH
2. S. P Srivastava ; Banking Theory & Practice, AnmolPublications
3. M. Prakhas, Bhargabhi R: Banking law & Operation, Vision BookHouse.
4. Tannan M.L: Banking Law and Practice in India, Indian LawHouse
5. Sheldon H.P: Practice and Law of Banking.
6. K. Venkataramana, Banking Operations,SHBP.
7. Kothari N. M: Law and Practice ofBanking.
8. Neelam C Gulati: Principles of BankingManagement.
9. Maheshwari. S.N.: Banking Law and Practice, Vikas Publication

Code: BC 105

Business Statistics

Unit-I

Introduction to Statistics: Meaning, Scope, Importance and Limitation, Managerial Application,
Statistical Investigation- Planning and organization, Statistical units, Methods of Investigation,

Census and Sampling. Collection of Data- Primary and Secondary Data, Editing of Data-
Classification of data, Frequency Distribution and Statistical Series, Tabulation of Data-
Diagrammatical and Graphical Presentation of Data. Analysis of Data, Interpretation of Data.

Unit-II

Measures of Central Tendency – Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric and Harmonic Mean;
Dispersion – Range, Quartile, Percentile, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation
and its Co- efficient, Co-efficient of Variation and Variance, Test of Skewness and Dispersion, Its
Importance, Co-efficient of Skewness

Unit III

Correlation- Meaning, application, types and degree of correlation, Methods- Scatter Diagram,
Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation, Spearman’s Rank Coefficient of Correlation.
Regression Analysis– Meaning, Importance, Simple Regression Equation. Standard error of
estimates. Index Number: - Meaning, Types and Uses, Methods of constructing Price Index
Number, Fixed – Base Method, Chain-Base Method, Base conversion, Base shifting deflating and
splicing. Consumer Price Index Number, Fisher’s Ideal Index Number, Reversibility Test- Time
and Factor.

Unit IV

Interpolation and Extrapolation: Meaning, Importance Methods- Binomial, Newton’s Lagrange’s
Analysis of Time Series:-Meaning, Importance and Components of a Time Series. Decomposition
of Time Series:- Moving Average Method and Method of Least square. Business Forecasting.
References:
1. Chikodi & Satya Prasad :Business Statistics
2. Gupta & Gupta :Business Statistics
3. Gupta, B.N. :Sankhyiki
4. Hooda, R.P. :Statistics for Business Economics
5. Lal, Muking :Sankhyki Ke Prarambhik Siddhant
6. Paul, Joseph & Raphael :Business Statistics
7. Puri, V.K. :Elements of Business Statistics
8. Rastogi, K.K. :Sankyiki
9. Sinha, B.C. :Sankhyiki Ke Tattva
10. Jaisawal K.S. : Business Statistics (Both in Hindi & English)
(Vaibhav Laxmi Prakashn) 2010,Varanasi

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

Unit-I
Indian Business Environment: Concept, components, and importance.
Unit-II
Economic Trends (overview): Income; Savings and investment; Industry; Balance of
Trade and balance of payments, Money; Finance; Prices.
Unit-III
Problems of Growth: Unemployment; Poverty; Regional imbalances; Social injustice;
Inflation; Parallel economy; Industrial Sickness.
Unit-IV
Role of Government: Monetary and fiscal policy; Industrial policy; Industrial licensing,
Privatization; Devaluation; Export-Import policy; Regulation of foreign investment.
Unit-V
The Current Five year Plan: Major policies; Resources allocation.
Unit-VI
International Environment: International trading environment (overview), Trends in
world trade and the problems of developing countries, foreign trade and economic
growth.

Suggested Readings

1. Sundaram & Black: The International Business Environment; Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
2. Agarwal A.N. : Indian Economy, Vikas Publishing House Delhi.
3. Khan Farooq A: Business and Society; S. Chand, Delhi.
4. Dutt R. and Sundharam K. Pm.; Indian Economy; S. Chand, Delhi.
5. Misra S.K. and Puri V.K. : Indian Economy; Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
6. Hedge Ian: Environmental Economics; MacMilla, Hampshire.
7. Dutt Ruddar; Economic Reforms in India-A critique; S. Chand, New Delhi.

PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Unit-I
Introduction: Concept, nature, process, and significance of management; Managerial roles
(Mintzberg); An overview of functional areas of management; Development of
management throughout; Classical and neo-classical systems; Contingency approaches.
Unit-II
Planning: Concept, process, and types. Decision making - concept and process; Bounded
rationality; Management by objectives; Corporate planning; Environment analysis and
diagnosis; Strategy formulation.
Unit-III
Organizing: Concept, nature, process, and significance; Authority and responsibility
relationships; Centralization and decentralization; Departmentalization; Organization
structure-forms and contingency factors.
Unit-IV
Motivating and Leading People at Work: Motivation-concept; Theories-Maslow,
Herzberg, McGregor and Ouchi; Financial and non-financial incentives.

[15]

Unit-V
Leadership: concept and leadership styles, Leadership theories (Tannenbaum and
Schmidt), Likert’s System Management.
Unit-VI
Communication: nature, process, networks, and barriers, Effective communication,
Control– Concept and Process, Techniques of Control-tradition & Modern.

Suggested Readings

1. Drucker Peter F: Management Challenges for the 21st Century: Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford.
2. Weihrich and Koontz, et al; Essentials of Management; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
3. Fred Luthans: Organizational Behaviour, McGraw Hill, New York.
4. Louis A. Allen: Management and Organization; McGraw Hill, New York.
4. Louis A. Allen: Management and Organization; McGraw Hill, Tokyo.
5. Ansoff H.I. : Corporate Strategy; McGraw Hill, New York.
6. Hampton, David R: Modern Management; McGraw Hill, New York.
7. Stoner and Freeman: Management; Prentice-Hall, New Delhi.
8. Maslos Abraham; Motivation and Personality; Harper & Row, New York, 1954.
9. Hersey Paul and Blanchard Kenneth: Management of Organizational Behaviour-Utilizing the
Human Resources; Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
10. Ibancevish J.M. and Matleson M.T.: Organizational Behaviour & Management; Irwin
Homewood, Illinios.