Concrete Technology

Concrete; Properties of ingredients, tests, Production of concrete, mixing, compaction curing, Properties of fresh concrete; Defects in Concrete, Concrete additives.; Behavior of concrete in tension and compression, shear and bond, Influence of various factors on test results, Time dependent behavior of concrete -creep, shrinkage and fatigue; Concrete mix design; Proportioning of concrete mixes, basic considerations, cost specifications, factors in the choice of mix proportion, different method of mix design. Quality control, Behavior of concrete in extreme environment; temperature problem in concreting, hot weather, cold weather and under water conditions, Resistance to freezing, sulphate and acid attack, efflorescence, fire resistance; Inspection and testing of concrete- Concrete cracking, types of cracks, causes and remedies Non-destructive tests on concrete; Chemical tests on cement and aggregates; Special concrete; types and specifications, Fibre reinforced and steel Fibre reinforced concrete, Polymer concrete, Use of admixtures; Deterioration of concrete and its prevention Repair and rehabilitation.

Water Resources

UNIT – I 

Hydrology: Hydrological Cycle and its components; Water Budget Equation, Precipitation: Types, measurements and analysis, Evaporation and consumptive use: estimation and measurement techniques.
Irrigation: Necessity and types, Advantages & disadvantages of irrigation; Functions of water in plant growth, Methods of Irrigation, Water requirement of crops, Duty and Delta relationship; Irrigation frequency; Irrigation efficiencies; Principal crops and crop season, crop rotation.
Canal irrigation: Classes and alignment, Parts of a canal system, Command area, curves in channels, channel losses.
Introduction to Sediment Transportation: Suspended and Bed load and its estimation.

UNIT – II 

Irrigation channels and Design: Types: lined and unlined, silt theories: Kennedy’s and Lacey’s Design procedure for irrigation channels, longitudinal cross section, Schedule of area statistics and channel dimensions, cross sections of an Irrigation channel, Lining of Irrigation Canals: Advantages and types; factors for selection of a particular type, design of lined channels, cross section of lined channels, Economics of canal lining. Water Logging and
Drainage Design: effects, causes and anti-water logging measures, Drainage of water logged land. 

UNIT – III 

Regulation and control of canal system: Purpose, Types of canal regulation works and their functional aspects
Irrigation Outlets: Requirements, types, non-modular, semi-module and rigid module, selection criterion
River Training: Objective and need, classification of rivers, and river training works, meandering, stages, methods of river training, bank protection, Methods for measurement of discharge.
Types of Head works: Component parts of a diversion headwork, Failure of hydraulic structures founded on permeable foundations, Principles of design, Bligh’s theory, Khosla’s theory for determination of pressure and exit gradient. Regulation Works: Falls, Classification; Introduction to design principle of falls, Design of Sarda type and straight glacis tall. Principle and design of Distributory head regulator and cross regulator, canal escape, Bed bars.

UNIT – IV 

Canal head works: Functions, Location, Layout of head works. Weir and Barrage, Canal head Regulator, Introduction to the design principles of Weirs on permeable foundations, Design of vertical drop and sloping glacis weir.
Cross drainage works: Necessity and types; Aqueduct, Siphon Aqueduct, super passage, canal siphon, level crossing, Introduction to design principles of cross drainage works. Investigation and planning of dams and Reservoirs: Zones of storage, Estimation of storage capacity, Reservoir losses, Reservoir sedimentation and its control, life of a reservoir.

UNIT – V 

Dams: classification and selection criteria.
Earth Dams: Classification, causes of failure, Phreatic line, and its determination Introduction to stability analysis
Gravity dams: Forces method of analysis, modes of failure and factor of safety, Elementary profile, stability analysis, galleries, joints, control of cracks.
Spillways: Spillway capacity, types of spillways, Design of ogee spillway, Energy dissipation below spillway, Design criteria for Hydraulic Jump type stilling basins with horizontal and sloping aprons, spillway gates.
Hydro-Electric Power: assessment of potential in reference to India, classification of power plants, important terms, types of turbines and their suitability; Power House layout and important structures of a powerhouse.

Engineering Hydrology & Groundwater Management

UNIT – I Introduction: hydrologic cycle, water budget equations, world water balance, Precipitation:
Forms of precipitation, measurement. Introduction to characteristics of storm. Abstraction from
Precipitation: Evaporation – process, measurement and estimation; Evapotranspiration-measurement
and estimation; Initial Losses- Interception & Depression storage; Infiltration- process, capacities
indices, measurement & estimation. 
UNIT – II Runoff and Hydrographs: Runoff characteristics of stream, mass curve. Hydrograph,
Factors affecting flood hydrographs, unit hydrograph and its analysis, s-curve hydrograph, synthetic
and instantaneous unit hydrographs. 
UNIT – III Flood: Rational method, empirical formulae, flood frequency studies, statistical analysis,
regional flood frequency analysis, design storm & design flood, risk/reliability and safety factor; Flood
Routing: Basic equation, hydrologic storage routing & attenuation, hydrologic channel routing, flood
forecasting & control, hydraulic method of flood routing. 

UNIT – IV Groundwater: Introduction, forms of subsurface water, aquifers & its properties,
Occurrence of ground water, hydro-geology & aquifers, Ground water movement.
Steady and unsteady flow through confined and unconfined aquifers. Well Hydraulics: Single&
Multiple well system, partially penetrating wells, Image wells, Mutual interference of wells, well
losses, specific capacity. 
UNIT – V Water Wells: Introduction to Well construction, completion and Development. Pumping
equipment for water wells, maintenance of wells.
Ground Water quality, Contamination of groundwater and its Control, Ground Water Modelling
Techniques and exploration, Artificial discharge and Recharge of Ground Water, Roof-top rainwater
harvesting and recharge.

ARCHITECTURE & TOWN PLANNING

Module – I
Principles of architectural design – primary elements, form, space, organization, circulation, proportion and scale, ordering principles.
Functional planning of buildings: Planning, designing and construction, General building requirements, Permit and Inspection (as per the National building Code).

Module – II
Town Planning ; Evolution of towns : History and trends in town planning; origin and growth, Historical development of town planning in ancient valley civilizations; Objects and necessary of town planning; Surveys and analysis of a town; New Concepts in town planning : Garden city movement, Linear city and Satellite city concepts, Neighborhood Planning.

Module – III
Planning Principles, Practice and Techniques: Elements of City plan, Estimating future needs, Planning standards.

Module – IV
Zoning: its definition, procedure and districts, height and bulk zoning, F.A.R., Master Plan; Concepts of urban planning , design and landscaping.

Finite Element Method

UNIT ‐ I Calculus of variation, Introduction to calculus of variations, Introduction to equilibrium
equations in elasticity, Euler's Lagrange’s equations, Principal of virtual work, virtual displacements,
Principles of minimum potential energy, boundary value, initial value problems, Flexibility approach,
Displacement approach, Different problems in structural analysis. 
UNIT - II FEM Procedure, Derivation of FEM equations by variation principle polynomials, Concept
of shape functions, Derivation for linear simplex element, Need for integral forms, Interpolation
polynomials in global and local coordinates. Weighted residual Methods: Concept of weighted
residual method, Derivation of FEM equationsnby Galerkin's method, Solving cantilever beam
problem by Galerkin’s approach, Derivation of shape functions for CST triangular elements, Shape
functions for rectangular elements, Shape functions for quadrila1teral elements. 
UNIT - III Higher order Elements: Concept of iso-parametric elements, Concept of sub-parametric
and super - parametric elements, Concept of Jacobin matrix. Numerical Integration: Numerical
Integration, one point formula and two point formula for 2D formula, Different problems of numerical
integration evaluation of element stiffness matrix, Automatic mesh generation schemes, 
UNIT - IV Pascal's triangle law for 2D shape functions polynomial, Pascal's triangle law for 3D
shape function polynomials, Shape function for beam elements, Hermition shape functions.
Convergence: Convergence criteria, Compatibility requirements, Geometric isotropy invariance,
Shape functions for iso-parametric elements, Special characteristics of stiffness matrix, Direct method
for deriving shape functions using Langrage's formula, Plane stress problems. 
UNIT - V Analysis of structures: Truss elements, Analysis of truss problems by direct stiffness
method. Analysis of frames and different problems, Different axi-symmetric truss problems. 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Module I: Overview
Concept of environmental impact, Introduction to Environmental impact assessment(EIA) definitions, terminology and concepts; Evolution of EIA, EIA at project,
Regional and policy levels; Impact of development on environment and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Impact; Statement (EIS), Objectives, Historical development, EIA capability and limitations, Legal provisions on EIA.

Module II: EIA Methods
Methods of EIA, Strengths, weaknesses and applicability, Appropriate methodology, Case studies.

Module III: EIA Procedures
Socio Economic Impact, Assessment of Impact on land, water and air, energy impact; Impact on flora and fauna; Mathematical models; public participation, Reports, Exchange of Information, Post Audit, Rapid and comprehensive EIA.

Module IV: Quantitative Methods
Use the mathematical models in EIA, Water quality, air quality and noise; assumptions and limitations. Basic tenets of Global Climate Models.

Module V: Infrastructure Development Projects and Impacts
Case studies, highway, airport, dams, power plans, etc, Plan for mitigation of adverse impact on environment, options for mitigation of impact on water, air and land, flora and fauna; Addressing the issues related to the project affected people, climate impacts and EIA.

 Metro Systems and Engineering 

GENERAL: Overview of Metro Systems; Need for Metros; Routing studies; Basic Planning and Financials
 

CIVIL ENGINEERING-Overview and construction methods for: Elevated and underground Stations; Viaduct spans and bridges; Underground tunnels; Depots; Commercial and Service buildings. Initial Surveys & Investigations; Basics of Construction Planning & Management, Construction Quality & Safety Systems. Traffic integration, multimodal transfers and pedestrian facilities; Environmental and social safeguards; Track systems-permanent way. Facilities Management
 

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING- Signaling systems; Automatic fare collection; Operation Control Centre (OCC and BCC); SCADA and other control systems; Platform Screen Doors.
 

MECHANICAL & TV + AC: Rolling stock, vehicle dynamics and structure; Tunnel Ventilation systems; Air conditioning for stations and buildings; Fire control systems; Lifts and Escalators
 

ELECTRICAL: OHE, Traction Power; Substations- TSS and ASS; Power SCADA; Standby and Back-up systems; Green buildings, Carbon credits and clear air mechanics.