Geotechnical Engineering

Unit 1
Origin and classification: Preview of Geotechnical field problems in Civil Engineering, Soil
formation, transport and deposit, Soil composition, Basic definitions, Weight volume
relationships, Clay minerals, Soil structure, Index properties, sensitivity and thixotropy,
Particle size analysis, Unified and Indian standard soil classification system.

Unit 2
Soil Hydraulics: Stress conditions in soil- total, effective and neutral stresses and relationships.
Permeability - Darcy's Law, hydraulic conductivity, equivalent hydraulic conductivity in
stratified soil.
Seepage, flow nets, seepage calculation from a flow net, flow nets in anisotropic soils, seepage
through earth dam, capillarity, critical hydraulic gradient and quick sand condition, uplift
pressure, piping.

Unit 3
Soil compaction, water content - dry unit weight relationships. Factors controlling compaction.
Field compaction equipment; field compaction control; Proctor needle method.
Consolidation: Primary and secondary consolidation, Terzaghi's one dimensional theory of
consolidation, Consolidation test, Normal and Over Consolidated soils, Over Consolidation
Ratio, determination of coefficient of consolidation.

Unit 4
Stress Distribution in soil: Elastic constants of soils and their determination, Boussinesq equation
for vertical stress, The Westergaard equation, Stress distribution under loaded areas, Concept of
pressure bulb, contact pressure.
Shear Strength: Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, shear strength parameters and determination;
direct and tri-axial shear test; unconfined compression test; pore pressure, Skempton's pore
pressure coefficients, and Soil liquefaction.

Unit 5
Earth pressure: Classical theories, Coulomb and Rankine's approaches for frictional and c-φ
soils, inclined backfill, Graphical methods of earth pressure determination.
Stability of slopes - finite and infinite slopes, types of slope failure, Culmann’s method &
Method of slices, Stability number & chart, Bishop’s method.

Environmental Engineering

Unit 1

Water demand: - Population- forecast, design period, factors affecting populations growth, water demand, factors affecting rate of demand, variations in rate of demand.

Unit 2

Quality of water: - sources of impurities, common impurities in water and their effect, water analysis, physical, chemical and biological characteristics, water borne diseases, Indian andWHO drinking standard.

Unit 3

Purification: Sedimentation, flocculation, coagulation, filtration, disinfection, water softening, aeration, miscellaneous treatment method.

Unit 4

Distribution of water: - Introductions , Methods of distribution, pressure in distribution mains, system of water supply, storage and distribution reservoir, layout and design of distribution system and distribution reservoir.

Unit 5

Waste water treatment: - Sewage characteristics. Sewerage system: - Type, design, construction and maintenance.
Treatment :- Primary and secondary treatments, screens, grit chamber, sedimentation chamber, principle and design of activated sludge digestion, final disposal of sludge and effluents, Disposal of sewage by dilution, self-purification of streams, sewage disposal by irrigation, waste water reuse, solid waste collection, re- utilization/disposal, B.O.D, C.O.D.

Transportation Engineering

Module-I 
Modes of transportation, importance of highway transportation, history of road construction.
Principle of highway planning, road development plans, highway alignments requirements,
engineering surveys for highway location.
Geometric design- Design controls, highway cross section elements, cross slope or camber, road
width, road margins, typical cross sections of roads, design speed, sight distance, design of
horizontal and vertical alignments, horizontal and vertical curves.

Module-II 
Highway Materials:- Properties of subgrade , sub-base , base course and surface course materials ,
test on subgrade soil, aggregates and bituminous materials.
Traffic Engineering:- definition , fundamentals of traffic flow , traffic management, prevention of
road accidents , elements of transport planning , highway drainage

Module-III 
Design of Highway Pavements: Flexible pavements and their design, review of old methods, CBR
method, IRC:37-2012, equivalent single wheel load factor, rigid pavements, stress in rigid
pavement, IRC design method (IRC:58-2011).

Module-IV
Highway Construction: Construction of various layers, earthwork, WBM, GSB, WMM, various
types of bituminous layers, joints in rigid pavements, Hot Mix Plants, Construction of Rigid
Pavements

Module-V 
Highway Maintenance: Various type of failures of flexible and rigid pavements.

Design of Steel Structure

Module I 
Introduction, advantages/disadvantages of steel, structural steel, rolled steel section, various types of loads, design philosophy. Limit state design method, limit states of strength and serviceability, probabilistic basis for design Riveted, bolted and pinned connections, Welded connections-assumptions, types, design of fillet welds, intermittent fillet weld, plug and slot weld, failure of welded joints, welded joints vs bolted and riveted joints

Module II 
Tension members, types, net cross-sectional area, types of failure, slenderness ratio, design of tension members, gusset plate.

Module III 
Compression members, effective length, slenderness ratio, types of cross-section, classification of cross-section, Design of axially loaded compression members, lacing, battening, design of column bases, and foundation bolts.

Module IV
Design of beams, types of c/s, lateral stability of beams, lateral torsional buckling, bending and shear strength, web buckling and web crippling, deflection, design procedure.

Module V
Plate girders- various elements and design of components Eccentric and moment connections, roof trusses

Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering

Unit I: Introduction to Hydrology
Introduction: Hydrological cycle, applications of hydrology, brief introduction of government organizations like IMD, CWPRS, MERI, CDO, Hydrology Project Division, NIH, CWC. Precipitation: Types & forms of precipitation, precipitation measurement, rain gauge network, introduction to real time data transmission weather station and climate change. Consistency test, presentation of rainfall data, mass rainfall curves, hyetograph, point rainfall, mean precipitation over an area, arithmetic mean method, Thiessen’s polygon, isohyetel method, concepts of depth-area-duration analysis, frequency analysis, frequency of point rainfall, intensity-duration curves, maximum intensity-duration. Abstractions of precipitation: interception, depression storage, evaporation- elementary concepts, factors affecting, measurement of evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, modified Penman method,- process and measurement, infiltration: introduction, infiltration capacity, infiltrometer, Horton’s method and infiltration indices.

Unit II: Run Off 
Introduction, factors affecting runoff, rainfall-runoff relationships and empirical techniques to determine runoff, Runoff hydrograph: Introduction, factors affecting flood hydrograph, components of hydrograph, base flow separation, effective rainfall, unit hydrograph theory, S-curve hydrograph, uses and limitations of unit hydrograph, synthetic hydrograph (no numerical on synthetic hydrograph). Stream gauging: selection of site, discharge measurement by velocity-area method, introduction to advance techniques/equipment used in gauge discharge measurements such as radar, current meter, ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler).

Unit III: Floods

Floods: Estimation of peak flow, rational formula and other methods, flood frequency analysis, design floods, brief introduction of hydrologic design of culverts and bridges. Hydrologic flood routing: Muskingum method, Q-GIS software application in hydrology (watershed delineation).

Unit IV: Reservoir Planning 
Introduction, term related to reservoir planning (yield, reservoir planning and operation curves, reservoir storage, reservoir clearance), investigation for reservoir planning, significance of mass curve and demand curves, applications of mass curve and demand curves, fixation of reservoir capacity from annual inflow and outflow, fixation of reservoir capacity using elevation capacity curve and dependable yield, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation- Phenomenon, measures to control reservoir sedimentation, density currents Significance of trap efficiency, useful life of reservoir, costs of reservoir, apportionment of total cost, use of facilities method, equal apportionment method, alternative justifiable expenditure method. (no numerical on cost-economics)

Unit V: Ground Water Hydrology 
Occurrence and distribution of ground water, specific yield of aquifers, movement of ground water, Darcy’s law, permeability, safe yield of basin, hydraulics of wells under steady flow condition in confined and unconfined aquifers, specific capacity of well, tube wells, open wells and their construction. Water logging and Drainage: Causes of water logging, effects of water logging, preventive and curative measures of water logging, land drainage, reclamation of water logged areas, alkaline and saline lands (no derivation of on spacing of drains), Water Management: Distribution, warabandi, rotational water supply system, participatory irrigation management, co-operative water distribution systems

Unit VI: Introduction to Irrigation (06 Hours)
Definition, functions, advantages and necessity, methods of irrigation, surface irrigation, subsurface irrigation, micro-irrigation, Water requirements of crops: Soil moisture and crop water relationship, consumptive use of water, principal Indian crops, crop seasons, crop water requirement: crop planning, agricultural practices, calculations of canal and reservoir capacities – duty, delta, irrigation efficiency, Piped distribution network for irrigation (PDN), Introduction, advantages and disadvantages of PDN over conventional canal distribution network and its application. Assessment of canal revenue: Various methods (area basis or crop rate basis, volumetric basis, seasonal basis, composite rate basis, permanent basis or betterment levy basis).