105703 Advanced Computer Architecture 3L:0T:0P 3 Credits

Module 1 Lectures: 8 hrs.
Classes of computers, Trends in technology, power and costs, dependability, quantitative principles of
computer design, Introduction to computing models.

Module 2 Lectures: 10 hrs.
Principles of scalable performance, performance metrics and measures, speedup performance laws,
advanced processor technology, super scalar and VLIW processors, Verified memory, cache memory
organizations, shared memory organizations. Memory hierarchy, cache performance, protection and
examples of virtual memory, cache coherence.

Module 3 Lectures: 8 hrs.
Pipeline and superscalar techniques, linear pipeline processors, reservation and latency analysis,
collision free scheduling, pipeline schedule optimization, instruction pipeline design, arithmetic pipeline
design, super scalar and super pipeline design.

Module 4 Lectures: 7 hrs.

Multiprocessors and multi-computers, Brief overview of SIMD, MIMD, vector architectures and multi-
core architectures.

Module 5 Lectures: 7 hrs.
Elementary theory about dependence analysis, techniques for extraction of parallelism, branch
prediction, dynamic scheduling, multiple issue and speculation, limits on instruction level parallelism,
Thread level parallelism

Reference Books:
1. Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach : Hennessy and Patterson : Morgan
Kaufmann
2. Advanced Computer Architecture, Kai Hwang , McGraw Hill
3. Advanced Computer Architectures: A design space approach, Sima D, Fountain T. and Kacsuk P, Pearson Education

105705 Internet of Things 3L:0T:0P

Module 1
Introduction to IoT: Architectural Overview, Design principles and needed capabilities, IoT Applications, Sensing, Actuation, Basics of Networking, M2M and IoT Technology Fundamentals- Devices and gateways, Data management, Business processes in IoT, Everything as a Service (XaaS), Role of Cloud in IoT, Security aspects in IoT.

Module 2
Elements of IoT: Hardware Components – Computing (Arduino, Raspberry Pi), Communication, Sensing, Actuation, I/O interfaces. Software Components- Programming API’s (using Python/Node.js/Arduino) for Communication. Protocols-MQTT, ZigBee, Bluetooth, CoAP, UDP, TCP.

Module 3
IoT Application Development: Solution framework for IoT applications- Implementation of Device integration, Data acquisition and integration, Device data storage- Unstructured data storage on cloud/local server, Authentication, authorization of devices.

Module 4
IoT Case Studies: IoT case studies and mini projects based on Industrial automation, Transportation, Agriculture, Healthcare, Home Automation.

List of Suggested Books:
1. Vijay Madisetti, Arshdeep Bahga, Ïnternet of Things, “A Hands on Approach”, University Press
2. Dr. SRN Reddy, Rachit Thukral and Manasi Mishra, “Introduction to Internet of Things: A practical Approach”, ETI Labs
3. Pethuru Raj and Anupama C. Raman, “The Internet of Things: Enabling Technologies, Platforms, and Use Cases”, CRC Press
4. Jeeva Jose, “Internet of Things”, Khanna Publishing House, Delhi
5. Adrian McEwen, “Designing the Internet of Things”, Wiley
6. Raj Kamal, “Internet of Things: Architecture and Design”, McGraw Hill
7. Cuno Pfister, “Getting Started with the Internet of Things”, O Reilly Media

100708 Biology for Engineers 2L:1T:0P 3 Credits

Module 1: Introduction
Purpose: To convey that Biology is as important a scientific discipline as Mathematics,
Physics and Chemistry.
Bring out the fundamental differences between science and engineering by drawing
a comparison between eye and camera, Bird flying and aircraft. Mention the most exciting
aspect of biology as an independent scientific discipline. Why we need to study biology?
Discuss how biological observations of 18th Century that lead to major discoveries.
Examples from Brownian motion and the origin of thermodynamics by referring to the
original observation of Robert Brown and Julius Mayor. These examples will highlight the
fundamental importance of observations in any scientific inquiry.
Module 2: Classification
Purpose: To convey that classification per se is not what biology is all about. The
underlying criterion, such as morphological, biochemical or ecological be highlighted.
Hierarchy of life forms at phenomenological level. A common thread weaves this
hierarchy Classification. Discuss classification based on (a) cellularity- Unicellular or
multicellular (b) ultrastructure- prokaryotes or eucaryotes. (c) energy and Carbon
utilisation -Autotrophs, heterotrophs, lithotropes (d) Ammonia excretion – aminotelic,
uricoteliec, ureotelic (e) Habitata- acquatic or terrestrial (f) Molecular taxonomy- three
major kingdoms of life. A given organism can come under different category based on
classification. Model organisms for the study of biology come from different groups. E.coli,
S.cerevisiae, D. Melanogaster, C. elegance, A. Thaliana, M. musculus.
Module 3: Genetics
Purpose: To convey that “Genetics is to biology what Newton’s laws are to Physical
Sciences”
Mendel’s laws, Concept of segregation and independent assortment. Concept of
allele. Gene mapping, Gene interaction, Epistasis. Meiosis and Mitosis be taught as a part of
genetics. Emphasis to be give not to the mechanics of cell division nor the phases but how
genetic material passes from parent to offspring. Concepts of recessiveness and dominance.
Concept of mapping of phenotype to genes. Discuss about the single gene disorders in
humans. Discuss the concept of complementation using human genetics.
Module 4: Biomolecules Lecture: 4 hrs.
Purpose: To convey that all forms of life has the same building blocks and yet the
manifestations are as diverse as one can imagine.
Molecules of life. In this context discuss monomeric units and polymeric structures.
Discuss about sugars, starch and cellulose. Amino acids and proteins. Nucleotides and
DNA/RNA. Two carbon units and lipids.
Module 5: Enzymes Lecture: 4 hrs.
Purpose: To convey that without catalysis life would not have existed on earth
Enzymology: How to monitor enzyme catalysed reactions. How does an enzyme catalyse
reactions? Enzyme classification. Mechanism of enzyme action. Discuss at least two
examples. Enzyme kinetics and kinetic parameters. Why should we know these parameters
to understand biology? RNA catalysis.
Module 6: Information Transfer Lecture: 4 hrs.
Purpose: The molecular basis of coding and decoding genetic information is universal
Molecular basis of information transfer. DNA as a genetic material. Hierarchy of DNA
structure- from single stranded to double helix to nucleosomes. Concept of genetic code.
Universality and degeneracy of genetic code. Define gene in terms of complementation
and recombination.
Module 7: Macromolecular analysis Lecture: 5 hrs.
Purpose: How to analyse biological processes at the reductionist level Proteins- structure
and function. Hierarch in protein structure. Primary secondary, tertiary and quaternary
structure. Proteins as enzymes, transporters, receptors and structural elements.
Module 8: Metabolism Lecture: 
Purpose: The fundamental principles of energy transactions are the same in physical and
biological world.
Thermodynamics as applied to biological systems. Exothermic and endothermic
versus endergonic and exergoinc reactions. Concept of Keqand its relation to standard free
energy. Spontaneity. ATP as an energy currency. This should include the breakdown of
glucose to CO2 + H2O (Glycolysis and Krebs cycle) and synthesis of glucose from CO2 and
H2O (Photosynthesis). Energy yielding and energy consuming reactions. Concept of Energy
charge.
Module 9: Microbiology
Purpose: Concept of single celled organisms. Concept of species and strains. Identification
and classification of microorganisms. Microscopy. Ecological aspects of single celled
organisms. Sterilization and media compositions. Growth kinetics.

Suggested Reference Books:
1. Biology: A global approach: Campbell, N. A.; Reece, J. B.; Urry, Lisa; Cain, M, L.;
Wasserman, S. A.; Minorsky, P. V.; Jackson, R. B. Pearson Education Ltd
2. Outlines of Biochemistry, Conn, E.E; Stumpf, P.K; Bruening, G; Doi, R.H. John Wiley
and Sons
3. Principles of Biochemistry (V Edition), By Nelson, D. L.; and Cox, M. M.W.H.
Freeman and Company
4. Molecular Genetics (Second edition), Stent, G. S.; and Calender, R. W.H. Freeman and
company, Distributed by Satish Kumar Jain for CBS Publisher
5. Microbiology, Prescott, L.M J.P. Harley and C.A. Klein 1995. 2nd edition Wm, C.
Brown Publishers

Blockchain Architecture Design

Unit - 1 Introduction to Blockchain

Digital Money to Distributed Ledgers , Design Primitives: Protocols, Security, Consensus, Permissions, Privacy.
Blockchain Architecture and Design: Basic crypto primitives: Hash, Signature,) Hashchain to Blockchain, Basic consensus mechanisms

Unit - 2 Consensus

Requirements for the consensus protocols, Proof of Work (PoW), Scalability aspects of Blockchain consensus protocols
Permissioned Blockchains: Design goals, Consensus protocols for Permissioned Blockchains

Unit - 3 Hyperledger Fabric
Hyperledger Fabric (A): Decomposing the consensus process , Hyperledger fabric components, Chaincode Design and Implementation
Hyperledger Fabric (B): Beyond Chaincode: fabric SDK and Front End (b) Hyperledger composer tool

Unit - 4 Use Case
Use case 1 : Blockchain in Financial Software and Systems (FSS): (i) Settlements, (ii) KYC, (iii) Capital markets, (iv) Insurance
Use case 2: Blockchain in trade/supply chain: (i) Provenance of goods, visibility, trade/supply chain finance, invoice management discounting, etc. 

Unit - 5 Use case 3

Blockchain for Government: (i) Digital identity, land records and other kinds of record keeping between government entities, (ii) public distribution system social welfare systems Blockchain Cryptography, Privacy and Security on Blockchain

IMAGE PROCESSING

I DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS: Steps in Digital Image Processing – Components –
Elements of Visual Perception – Image Sensing and Acquisition – Image Sampling and
Quantization – Relationships between pixels – Color image fundamentals – RGB, HSI models,
Two-dimensional mathematical preliminaries, 2D transforms – DFT, DCT.

II IMAGE ENHANCEMENT :
Spatial Domain: Gray level transformations – Histogram processing – Basics of Spatial Filtering–
Smoothing and Sharpening Spatial Filtering, Frequency Domain: Introduction to Fourier
Transform– Smoothing and Sharpening frequency domain filters – Ideal, Butterworth and Gaussian
filters, Homomorphic filtering, Color image enhancement.

III IMAGE RESTORATION :
Image Restoration – degradation model, Properties, Noise models – Mean Filters – Order Statistics
– Adaptive filters – Band reject Filters – Band pass Filters – Notch Filters – Optimum Notch
Filtering – Inverse Filtering – Wiener filtering

IV IMAGE SEGMENTATION:
Edge detection, Edge linking via Hough transform – Thresholding – Region based segmentation –
Region growing – Region splitting and merging – Morphological processing- erosion and dilation,
Segmentation by morphological watersheds – basic concepts – Dam construction – Watershed
segmentation algorithm.

V IMAGE COMPRESSION AND RECOGNITION:
Need for data compression, Huffman, Run Length Encoding, Shift codes, Arithmetic coding, JPEG
standard, MPEG. Boundary representation, Boundary description, Fourier Descriptor, Regional
Descriptors – Topological feature, Texture – Patterns and Pattern classes – Recognition based on
matching.

SPEECH AND NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

I INTRODUCTION :
Origins and challenges of NLP – Language Modeling: Grammar-based LM, Statistical LM –
Regular Expressions, Finite-State Automata – English Morphology, Transducers for lexicon and
rules, Tokenization, Detecting and Correcting Spelling Errors, Minimum Edit Distance
WORD LEVEL ANALYSIS
Unsmoothed N-grams, Evaluating N-grams, Smoothing, Interpolation and Backoff – Word Classes,
Part-of-Speech Tagging, Rule-based, Stochastic and Transformation-based tagging, Issues in PoS
tagging – Hidden Markov and Maximum Entropy models.

II SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS
Context-Free Grammars, Grammar rules for English, Treebanks, Normal Forms for grammar –
Dependency Grammar – Syntactic Parsing, Ambiguity, Dynamic Programming parsing – Shallow
parsing – Probabilistic CFG, Probabilistic CYK, Probabilistic Lexicalized CFGs – Feature
structures, Unification of feature structures.

III SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS
Requirements for representation, First-Order Logic, Description Logics – Syntax-Driven Semantic
analysis, Semantic attachments – Word Senses, Relations between Senses, Thematic Roles,
selectional restrictions – Word Sense Disambiguation, WSD using Supervised, Dictionary &
Thesaurus, Bootstrapping methods – Word Similarity using Thesaurus and Distributional methods.

IV BASIC CONCEPTS of Speech Processing :
Speech Fundamentals: Articulatory Phonetics – Production And Classification Of Speech Sounds;
Acoustic Phonetics – Acoustics Of Speech Production; Review Of Digital Signal Processing
Concepts; Short-Time Fourier Transform, Filter-Bank And LPC Methods.

V SPEECH ANALYSIS:
Features, Feature Extraction And Pattern Comparison Techniques: Speech Distortion Measures–
Mathematical And Perceptual – Log–Spectral Distance, Cepstral Distances, Weighted Cepstral
Distances And Filtering, Likelihood Distortions, Spectral Distortion Using A Warped Frequency
Scale, LPC, PLP And MFCC Coefficients, Time Alignment And Normalization – Dynamic Time
Warping, Multiple Time – Alignment Paths.
UNIT III : SPEECH MODELING :
Hidden Markov Models: Markov Processes, HMMs – Evaluation, Optimal State Sequence –
Viterbi Search, Baum-Welch Parameter Re-Estimation, Implementation Issues.

CS7L02. DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

Section I

UNIT 1: Introduction (5)
Definition, Goals, Types of distributed systems: Distributed Computing System, Distributed
Information System, Architecture: Architectural, Styles, System Architecture

UNIT 2: Communication and Synchronization : (8)
Remote Procedure Call, Message Oriented Transient Communication, Physical Clock
Synchronization, Logical Clock, Mutual exclusion, Election Algorithms
UNIT 3: Distributed File Systems and Fault Tolerance (8)
Architecture, Processes, Communication, Naming, Synchronization, Consistency and
Replication, Introduction to fault tolerance, Process Resilience, Distributed Commit, Recovery.

Section II

UNIT 4: Introduction to Cloud (4)
Getting to know the Cloud, Cloud and other similar configurations, Components of Cloud
Computing, Cloud Types and Models: Private Cloud, Community Cloud, Public Cloud, Hybrid
Clouds.
UNIT 5: Virtualization (5)
Introduction and benefits, Implementation Levels of Virtualization, Virtualization at the OS
Level, Virtualization Structure, Virtualization Mechanism, Open Source Virtualization
Technology, Xen Virtualization Architecture, Binary Translation with Full Virtualization,
Paravirtualization, Virtualization of CPU, Memory and I/O Devices.
UNIT 6: Cloud Computing Services and Data Security in Cloud (6)
Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, Software as a Service, Database as a Service ,
Specialized Cloud Services, Challenges with Cloud Data, Challenges with Data Security, Data
Confidentiality and Encryption, Data availability, Data Integrity, Cloud Storage Gateways.
Text Books:
1. Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms- Tanenbaum, Steen.
2. Cloud Computing Black Book- Jayaswal, Kallakurchi, Houde, Shah, Dreamtech Press.
Reference Books:
1. Cloud Computing: Principles and Paradigms – Buyya, Broburg, Goscinski.
2. Cloud Computing for Dummies – Judith Hurwitz.

Mobile Applications

Unit 1: Introduction 
Mobile Development Importance, Survey of mobile based application development, Mobile myths, Third party frameworks, Mobile Web Presence and Applications, Creating consumable web services for mobile, JSON, Debugging Web Services, Mobile Web Sites, Starting with Android mobile Applications.
 

Unit 2: Mobile Web
Introduction, WAP1, WAP2, Fragmentation Display, Input Methods, Browsers and Web Platforms, Tools for Mobile Web Development.
 

Unit 3: Application Architectures and Designs 
Mobile Strategy, Navigation, Design and User Experience, WML, XHTML Mobile Profile and Basics, Mobile HTML5, CSS for Mobile, WCSS extensions, CSS3, CSS for mobile browsers, HTML5 Compatibility levels, Basics of Mobile HTML5: Document Head, Document Body, HTML5 Mobile Boilerplate, the Content, HTML5 Forms: Design, Elements, Attributes, validation.

Unit 4 : Devices, Images, Multi-Media
Device Detection, Client-side Detection, Server-side Detection, Device Interaction, Images, Video, Audio, Debugging and Performance, Content Delivery, Native and Installed Web Apps.
 

Unit 5: Advanced Tools, Techniques 
J2ME programming basics, HTML5 Script Extensions,Code Execution, Cloud based browsers, JS Debugging and profiling, Background Execution, Supported Technologies and API,Standard JavaScript Behavior, Java Libraries, Mobile Libraries, UI Frameworks: Sencha Touch, JQueryMobile, Enyo, Montage, iUI, jQTouch, JavaScript Mobile UI Patterns.

Unit 6: Advanced Applications 
Geolocation and Maps APP, Offline Apps, Storage, and Networks, Distribution and Social Web 2.0