Wireless Communication

1 Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems: Evolution of mobile radio communications; examples of wireless comm. systems; paging systems; Cordless telephone systems; overview of generations of cellular systems, comparison of various wireless systems.

2 Introduction to Personal Communication Services (PCS): PCS architecture, Mobility management, Networks signalling. The Cellular Concept and Multiple Access Techniques: A basic cellular system, Frequency Reuse basic theory of hexagonal cell layout, spectrum efficiency, FDM/TDM, Cellular System, channel allocation schemes, Handover Analysis, cellular CDMA, Soft capacity, Erlang capacity comparison, multiple access techniques: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA.

3 2G Networks: Second generation, digital, wireless systems: GSM, IS136 (D-AMPS), IS-95 CDMA. Global system for Mobile Communication (GSM) system overview: GSM Architecture, Mobility Management, Network signalling, mobile management, voice signal processing and coding. Spread Spectrum Systems- Cellular code Division Access Systems-Principle, Power Control, effects of multipath propagation on code division multiple access.

4 2.5G Mobile Data Networks: Introduction to Mobile Data Networks, General Packet Radio Services (GPRS): GPRS architecture, GPRS Network nodes, EDGE, Wireless LANs, (IEEE 802.11), Mobile IP. Third Generation (3G) Mobile Services: Introduction to International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT 2000) vision, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), and CDMA 2000, Quality of services in 3G, Introduction to 4G.

5 Introduction to Wireless Channels and Diversity: Fast Fading Wireless Channel Modelling, Rayleigh/Ricean Fading Channels, BER Performance in Fading Channels, Introduction to Diversity modelling for Wireless Communications.

Cost Management of Engineering Projects 

Unit 1:Introduction and Overview of the Strategic Cost Management Process: Cost concepts in decision-making; Relevant cost, Differential cost, Incremental cost and Opportunity cost. Objectives of a Costing System; Inventory valuation; Creation of a Databasefor operational control
Unit 2:Provision of data for Decision-Making: Project: meaning, Different types, why to manage, cost overruns centres, various stages of project execution: conception to commissioning. Project execution as conglomeration of technical and non-technical activities. Detailed Engineering activities. Preproject execution main clearances and documents
Unit 3:Project team: Role of each member. Importance Project site: Data required with significance. Project contracts. Types and contents. Project execution Project cost control. Bar charts and Network diagram.

Unit 4:Project commissioning: Mechanical and process Cost Behaviour and Profit Planning Marginal Costing; Distinction between Marginal Costing and Absorption Costing; Break-even Analysis, Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis. Various decision-making problems. Standard Costing and Variance Analysis. Pricing strategies: Pareto Analysis. Target costing, Life Cycle Costing. Costing of service sector. Just-in-time approach, Material Requirement Planning, Enterprise Resource Planning, Total Quality Management and Theory of constraints.

Unit 5: Activity-Based Cost Management: Bench Marking; Balanced Score Card and Value-Chain Analysis. Budgetary Control; Flexible Budgets; Performance budgets; Zero-based budgets. Measurement of Divisional profitability pricing decisions including transfer pricing. Quantitative techniques for cost management. Linear Programming, PERT/CPM, Transportation problems, Assignment problems, Simulation, Learning Curve Theory.

MACHINE LEARNING

I INTRODUCTION – Well defined learning problems, Designing a Learning System, Issues in
Machine Learning; THE CONCEPT LEARNING TASK - General-to-specific ordering of
hypotheses, Find-S, List then eliminate algorithm, Candidate elimination algorithm, Inductive bias

II DECISION TREE LEARNING - Decision tree learning algorithm-Inductive bias- Issues in
Decision tree learning;
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS – Perceptrons, Gradient descent and the Delta rule, Adaline,
Multilayer networks, Derivation of backpropagation rule Backpropagation AlgorithmConvergence,
Generalization;

III Evaluating Hypotheses: Estimating Hypotheses Accuracy, Basics of sampling Theory, Comparing
Learning Algorithms;
Bayesian Learning: Bayes theorem, Concept learning, Bayes Optimal Classifier, Naïve Bayes
classifier, Bayesian belief networks, EM algorithm;

IV Computational Learning Theory: Sample Complexity for Finite Hypothesis spaces, Sample
Complexity for Infinite Hypothesis spaces, The Mistake Bound Model of Learning;
INSTANCE-BASED LEARNING – k-Nearest Neighbour Learning, Locally Weighted Regression,
Radial basis function networks, Case-based learning

V Genetic Algorithms: an illustrative example, Hypothesis space search, Genetic Programming,

Models of Evolution and Learning; Learning first order rules-sequential covering algorithms-
General to specific beam search-FOIL; REINFORCEMENT LEARNING - The Learning Task, Q Learning.

VLSI DESIGN

Unit - 1 Introduction

A Brief History, Preview, MOS Transistors, CMOS Logic, CMOS Fabrication and Layout, Design Partitioning, Logic Design, Circuit Design, Physical Design, Design Verification, Fabrication, Packaging and Testing.

Unit - 2 Delay

Introduction, Transient Response, RC delay model, Linear Delay Model, Logical Effort of Paths, Timing Analysis Delay Models.
Power – Introduction, Dynamic Power, Static Power.

Unit - 3 Energy-Delay Optimization, Low Power Architectures, Interconnect

Introduction, Interconnect Modelling, Interconnect Impact, Interconnect Engineering, Logical Effort with Wires.

Unit - 4 Dynamic logic circuits

Introduction, basic principle of pass transistor circuits, synchronous dynamic circuit techniques, dynamic CMOS circuit techniques, domino CMOS logic.
Semiconductor memories – Introduction, DRAM, SRAM, ROM, flash memory.

Unit - 5 Low-Power CMOS Logic Circuits 

Introduction, Overview of Power Consumption, Low-Power Design through voltage scaling, Estimation and Optimization of switching activity, Reduction of Switched Capacitance and Adiabatic Logic Circuits.
Design for Testability – Introduction, Fault Types and Models, Controllability and Observability, Ad Hoc Testable Design Techniques, Scan Based and BIST Techniques.

Satellite & RADAR systems

Unit 1

Elements of Satellite Communication, Orbital mechanics, look angle and orbit determination, launches and lauch vehicle, orbital effects, Introduction to geo- synchronous and geo-stationary satellites.

Unit 2

Satellite sub-systems: Attitude and Orbit control systems, Telemetry, Tracking and command control system, Power supply system, Introduction to satellite link design, basic transmission theory, system noise temperature and G/T ratio, design of down link and uplink, design of satellite links for specified C/N, satellite data communication protocols.

Unit 3

Direct broadcast satellite television and radio, satellite navigation and the global positioning systems, GPS position location principle, GPS receivers and codes, Satellite Signal Acquisition, GPS navigation Message, GPS Signal Levels, Timing Accuracy, GPS Receiver Operation.

Unit 4

Introduction to radar, radar block diagram and operation, radar frequencies, Applications of radar, The Radar Equation: Detection of signals in noise , Receiver noise and the signal to noise ratio, Probabilities of detection and false alarm, Integration of Radar Pulses, Radar cross section of targets, Radar cross section fluctuations, Transmitter Power, Pulse Reception Frequency , Antenna Parameters, System Losses.

Unit 5

Tracking Radar: sequential lobbing, conical scan, mono-pulse Tracking, low angle tracking, tracking in range. MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar: Introduction to Doppler and MTI Radar, Delay Line cancellers, Staggered Pulse Reception Frequencies, Doppler Filter Banks, Digital MTI Processing, Moving Target Detector, Limitations to MTI Performance.