Numerical & Statistical Methods

Unit 1: Roots of Equation and Simultaneous Equations 
Roots of Equation: Bracketing method and Newton-Raphson method                                                                                                                                                                         Solution of simultaneous equations: Gauss Elimination Method with Partial pivoting, Gauss-Seidel method, Thomas algorithm for Tri-diagonal Matrix.

Unit 2: Numerical Solution of Differential Equations
Ordinary Differential Equations [ODE]: Taylor series method, Euler Method, Runge-Kutta 4th order. Simultaneous equations using Runge-Kutta 2nd order method.
Partial Differential Equations [PDE]: Finite difference method, Simple Laplace method, PDE’s Parabolic explicit solution, Elliptic explicit solution.

Unit 3: Numerical Integration 
Numerical Integration (1D): Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3rdRule, Simpson’s3/8thRule, Gauss Quadrature2-point and 3-point method.
Double Integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3rdRule.

Unit 4: Curve Fitting and Regression Analysis
Curve Fitting: Least square technique- first order, power equation, exponential equation and quadratic equation.
Regression Analysis: Linear regression, Nonlinear regression, Multiple regressions, Polynomial regression. Lagrange’s interpolation, Numerical interpolation and differentiation using Newton’s forward method, inverse interpolation (Lagrange’s method only).

Unit 5: Statistics
Measures of central tendency: mean, median, mode. Measurement of variability and dispersion: Standard deviation, standard error, variance, range. Measure of shape: skewness, kurtosis
Statistical diagram: scattered diagram, histogram, pie charts, and measure of association between two variables. Correlation: Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of correlation and its mathematical properties, Spearman’s Rank correlation and its interpretations.

Unit 6: Probability and Linear Algebra
Probability: Joint, conditional and marginal probability, Bayes’ theorem, independence, theorem of total probability, expectation and variance, random variables. Probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, Normal and Chi square.
Linear algebra: Review of matrix operations, vector and vector spaces, linear mapping.

Heat and Mass Transfer

Unit - 1 Fundamentals of Heat Transfer 
Basic Concepts: Different Modes and Laws of heat transfer, 3-D heat conduction equation in Cartesian coordinates (with derivation), and its simplified equations, simplified equations in cylindrical and spherical coordinates (simplified equations, no derivation) thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, electrical analogy, Thermal contact Resistance.
Boundary and initial conditions: Temperature boundary condition, heat flux boundary condition, convection boundary condition, radiation boundary condition.
1-D steady state heat conduction without and with heat generation: Heat conduction without heat generation in plane wall, composite wall, composite cylinder, composite sphere. Heat conduction with heat generation in Plane wall, Cylinder and Sphere with different boundary conditions.

Unit - 2 Heat Transfer through Extended Surfaces and Transient Heat Conduction
Thermal Insulation – Critical thickness of insulation, Types and properties of insulating materials, Safety considerations in thermal insulation, Economic and cost considerations, Payback period, Numerical on payback period.
Heat transfer through extended surfaces: Types of fins and its applications, Governing Equation for constant cross sectional area fins, Solution for infinitely long fin (with derivation), adequately long fin with insulated end tip and short fins (no derivation), Fin Efficiency & Effectiveness of fins, estimation of error in Temperature measurement by thermometer.
Transient heat conduction: Validity and criteria of lumped system analysis, Biot Number, Fourier Number, Time Constant and Response of thermocouple, Use of Heisler Charts for plane wall, cylinder and sphere.

Unit - 3 Convection
Principles of Convection: Local and average heat transfer coefficient, Hydrodynamic and Thermal boundary layer for a flat plate and pipe flow.
Forced Convection: Physical significance of non-dimensional numbers, Empirical correlations for flat plate, pipe flow, and flow across cylinders, spheres, tube banks.
Free Convection: Physical significance of non-dimensional numbers, Free convection from a vertical, horizontal surface, cylinder and sphere. Mixed Convection
Boiling and Condensation: Types of boiling, Regimes of pool boiling, Film wise condensation, Drop wise condensation (No Numerical treatment), Critical heat flux.

Unit - 4 Radiation
Thermal Radiation; definition of various terms used in radiation mode; Stefan-Boltzmann law, Kirchhoff’s law, Planck’s law and Wein’s displacement law. Intensity of radiation and solid angle; Lambert’s law; Radiation heat exchange between two black surfaces, configuration or view factor. Radiation heat exchange between grey surfaces, Electrical analogy for radiation, Radiation shields, Numerical.

Unit - 5 Mass Transfer
Physical origins, applications of mass transfer, Mixture Composition, Phase diagram, Fick’s Law of Diffusion with numerical treatment, Restrictive Conditions, Mass diffusion coefficient, Conservation of Species, The Mass Diffusion equation – Cartesian coordinates deviation, cylindrical coordinates and Spherical coordinates (no derivation), Boundary and initial conditions.

Unit - 6 Heat Exchangers and Equipment Design
Heat Exchangers: Classification and applications of heat exchangers, Heat exchanger analysis – LMTD for parallel and counter flow heat exchangers, Effectiveness– NTU method for parallel and counter flow heat exchangers, cross flow heat exchangers, LMTD correction factor, Heat Pipe, Introduction to electronic cooling - Active and passive methods of augmented heat transfer.
Process Equipment Design: Condenser Design, Introduction to TEMA standards, Design considerations for heat exchangers, Materials of construction and corrosion, Temperature effects, Radiation effects, Economic consideration, Condenser and Heat exchanger design and performance calculations, Design of shell and tube type Heat Exchanger.

Design of Machine Elements

Unit - 1 Design of Simple Machine Elements
Factor of safety, Selection of Factor of Safety, Service factor, Design of Cotter joint, Knuckle joint, Design of hand / foot lever, lever for safety valve, bell crank lever, Design of components subjected to eccentric loading.

Unit - 2 Design of Shafts, Keys and Couplings 
Shaft design on the Strength basis, torsional rigidity basis and lateral rigidity basis, Design of shaft as per A.S.M.E. code. Design of square and rectangular keys, Kennedy key and splines. Design of Flange Coupling and Bushed-Pin Flexible Coupling.

Unit - 3 Design of Power Screws 
Terminology of Power Screw, Torque analysis and Design of power screws with square and trapezoidal threads, Collar friction torque, Self-locking screw, Efficiency of square threaded screw, Efficiency of self-locking screw, Design of screw, nuts and C-Clamp. Design of screw jack, Differential and Compound Screw and Re-circulating Ball Screw (Theoretical treatment only).

Unit - 4 Design against Fluctuating loads
Stress concentration and its factors, Reduction of stress concentration factors, fluctuating stresses, fatigue failures, endurance limit, S-N curve, Notch sensitivity, Endurance limit, Endurance strength modifying factors, Reversed stresses – Design for Finite and Infinite life, Cumulative damage in fatigue failure, Soderberg, Gerber, Goodman Lines, Modified Goodman diagrams, Fatigue design under combined stresses:- (Theoretical treatment only.)

Unit - 5 Threaded and Welded joints 
Introduction to threaded joints, Bolts of uniform strength, locking devices, eccentrically loaded bolted joint in shear, Eccentric load perpendicular and parallel to axis of bolt, Eccentric load on circular base. Introduction to welded joints, Strength of butt, parallel and transverse fillet welds, Axially loaded unsymmetrical welded joints, Eccentric load in plane of welds, Welded joints subjected to bending and torsional moments.

Unit - 6 Design of Springs
Types and applications of springs, Stress and deflection equations for helical compression Springs, Springs in series and parallel, Design of helical springs, concentric helical springs, surge in spring, Design of Multi-leaf springs, Nipping of Leaf springs, Shot Peening.

Mechatronics

Unit 1: Introduction to Mechatronics, Sensors & Actuators
Introduction to Mechatronics and its Applications Measurement Characteristics (Static/Dynamic),
Sensors: Types of sensors; Motion Sensors – Encoder (Absolute & incremental), Lidar, Eddy Current, Proximity (Optical, Inductive, Capacitive), MEMS Accelerometer;
Temperature sensor –Pyrometer, Infrared Thermometer; Force / Pressure Sensors – Strain gauges, Piezoelectric sensor; Flow sensors – Electromagnetic, Ultrasonic, Hot-wire anemometer; Color sensor – RGB type; Biosensors – Enzyme, ECG, EMG
Actuators: Servo motor; Hydraulic and Pneumatic (must be restricted to classification and working of one type of linear and rotary actuator); linear electrical actuators Selection of Sensor & Actuator.

Unit 2: Data Acquisition and Signal Communication
Signal Communication: Serial, Parallel; Synchronous, Asynchronous Introduction to DAQ, Types, Components of a Data Acquisition System (Sensor, Signal conditioning, processing, controlling and storage/display/action)
Data Acquisition: Signal collection, Signal conditioning – Isolation& Filtering, Amplification, Sampling, Aliasing, Sample and hold circuit, Quantization, Analog-to-digital converters (4 bit Successive Approximation type ADC), Digital-to-Analog converters (4 bit R2R type DAC), Data storage Applications: DAQ in Household ,Digital Pressure Gauge, Digital Flow measurement, DVB Digital Video Broadcast, AM/FM.

Unit 3: Control systems & transfer function based modelling
Introduction to control systems, need, Types- Open and Closed loop, Concept of Transfer Function, Block Diagram & Reduction principles and problems; Applications (Household, Automotive, Industrial shop floor).
Transfer Function based modeling of Mechanical, Thermal and Fluid system; Concept of Poles & Zeros; Pole zero plot, Stability Analysis using Routh Hurwitz Criterion (Numerical Approach).

Unit 4: Time and Frequency Domain Analysis
Time Domain Analysis – Unit step Response analysis via Transient response specifications (Percentage overshoot, Rise time, Delay time, Steady state error etc.)
Frequency Domain Analysis – Frequency Domain Parameters - Natural Frequency, Damping Frequency and Damping Factor; Mapping of Pole Zero plot with damping factor, natural frequency and unit step response ; Introduction to Bode Plot, Gain Margin, Phase Margin.

Unit 5: Controllers 
Introduction to controllers, Need for Control, Proportional (P), Integral (I) and Derivative (D) control actions; PI, PD and PID control systems in parallel form; (Numerical approach), Feed forward anticipatory control
Manual tuning of PID control, Ziegler–Nichols method
Applications: Electro–Hydraulic/Pneumatic Control, Automotive Control.

Unit 6: Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) 
Introduction to PLC; Architecture of PLC; Selection of PLC; Ladder Logic programming for different types of logic gates; Latching; Timers, Counters; PLC control of Hydraulics / Pneumatics / Mechatronics systems involving timing and counting operations.

Advanced Forming and Joining Processes

Unit 1: Mechanics of Sheet Metal Forming 
Theory of plasticity – yield criteria-work of plastic deformation- Sheet Metal Forming-Formability studies-conventional processes, Effect of friction in forming operation, Experimental techniques of evaluation of friction in metal forming, deep drawing, analysis (Numerical), surface defects identification and remedies, introduction to Forming simulation, Challenges in Forming.

Unit 2: Special Forming Processes 
Special Forming Processes: HVF, HERF (Explosive Forming) techniques- super plastic forming techniques-Hydro forming-Stretch forming, Laser beam forming principles and process parameters- Advantages, limitations and applications of different forming processes. Orbital forging-Isothermal- Hot and cold isostatic pressing-High speed extrusion, Water hammer forming, Incremental Sheet forming, Magnetic Pulse forming, Metal Spinning, Electro Hydraulic Forming, Micro forming.

Unit 3: Weld Metallurgy
Weld Metallurgy: Weld thermal cycles and their effects, effects of pre and post weld heat treatments, concept of HAZ, concept of weldability and its assessment. Welding of dissimilar materials, Weld characterization, Weld decay and weld sensitization, Introduction to ASME, ASWE, IS Welding Standards, (welding skill levels).

Unit 4: Solid State Welding Processes 
Solid State Welding Processes: Cold pressure welding, Diffusion bonding, Explosive welding, Ultrasonic welding, Friction stir welding, Forge welding, Roll welding and Hot pressure welding processes - features, advantages, limitations and applications, Advances in adhesive bonding, cladding.

Unit 5: Advanced Welding Processes 
Advanced Welding Processes: Electrogas, electroslag welding, Atomic hydrogen welding, Electron beam welding, Laser Beam welding - principle, working and applications, Cold Metal Transfer - concepts, processes and applications, Underwater welding, Welding automation in aerospace, nuclear and surface transport vehicles, Robotic Welding, Plasma Arc Welding, Plasma Transferred Arc Welding.

Unit 6: Sustainable Manufacturing 
Sustainable Manufacturing: Introduction to sustainability and drivers for sustainable development and sustainable manufacturing, fundamentals of sustainable manufacturing, various tools, factors of sustainability, Principles of Life Cycle Assessment (Goal, Scope and Life Cycle Inventory), Approaches, Role in Industry 4.0, Green Manufacturing, Environment protection norms, ISO 14000, recycling techniques, safety norms in forming and welding, socio-economic aspects, case study on
waste recycling, material recycling, etc.

Machining Science and Technology

Unit 1: Mechanics of Metal Cutting 
Introduction to metal cutting, Elements of machining process, Geometry of single-point cutting tool, Orthogonal and Oblique cutting processes,
Chip formation, Types of chips, Chip thickness ratio, Process parameters and their effect on machining, chip breakers,

Merchant’s Circle of forces analysis – forces and energy calculations, power consumed – MRR-Effect of Cutting variables on forces,

Concepts of Machinability- Factors affecting machinability, Machinability Index, Tool Life, Tool life equation of Taylor, Tool wear and its types, Factors affecting on tool life.

Unit 2: Gear and Thread Manufacturing 
Introduction, Materials of gears, Methods of gear manufacturing-casting, forging, forming etc, milling of gears (indexing methods and numerical), Helical gear cutting, Gear Shaping and Gear hobbling, Gear inspection.
Thread Manufacturing: Various methods of thread manufacturing, thread rolling, die threading & tapping, Thread milling, Thread grinding etc.

Unit 3: Grinding & Surface finishing 
Types and Operations of grinding machines, Grinding wheel– Shapes, Designation and selection, Abrasives & classification, Bond & bonding, Grit, Grade & Structure of wheels, Types of grinding wheels, mounting of grinding wheels, Glazing and loading of wheels, Dressing and truing of wheels, Balancing of wheels, Diamond wheels.
Super-finishing processes – Introduction to Honing, Lapping, Buffing and Burnishing. (Construction, working and controlling parameters).

Unit 4: Jigs and Fixtures 
Significance and purpose of jigs and fixtures and their functions in the manufacturing processes, Concept of degree of freedom, 3-2-1 principle of location. General guidelines to design jigs and fixtures, advantages of jigs and fixtures.
Jigs- Definition, Elements of jig with the types, Location guidelines, Principles of clamping, Principles of guiding, Channel jig, Template jig, Plate jig, Angle plate jig, Turn over jig, Box jig, Latch type jig.
Fixtures: Definition. Elements of fixtures, Location guidelines, Principles of clamping, Principles of setting element, turning fixture, welding fixture, Milling fixture, Assembly and Inspection fixtures.

Unit 5: Process Planning
Introduction- methods of process planning, drawing interpretation, material evaluation, steps in process selection, production equipment and tooling selection, process parameters calculation for various production processes, Selection of jigs and fixtures, selection of quality assurance methods, documents for process planning, Economics of process planning, case studies.

Unit 6: CNC Programming 
CNC Programming-CNC part programming adaptable to suitable controller. Steps in developing CNC part program. CNC part programming for Lathe Machine – Threading & Grooving cycle (Canned cycle). CNC part programming for Milling Machine - Linear & circular interpolation, milling cutter, tool length compensation & cutter radius compensation. Pocketing, contouring & drilling, subroutine and Do loop using canned cycle.

302049: Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

Unit 1 Introduction to AI & ML 06 Hrs.
History of AI, Comparison of AI with Data Science, Need of AI in Mechanical Engineering,
Introduction to Machine Learning. Basics: Reasoning, problem solving, Knowledge representation,
Planning, Learning, Perception, Motion and manipulation.

Unit 2 Feature Extraction and Selection 08 Hrs.
Feature extraction: Statistical features, Principal Component Analysis.
Feature selection: Ranking, Decision tree - Entropy reduction and information gain, Exhaustive,
best first, Greedy forward & backward, Applications of feature extraction and selection algorithms
in Mechanical Engineering.

Unit 3 Classification & Regression 08 Hrs.
Classification: Decision tree, Random forest, Naive Bayes, Support vector machine.
Regression: Logistic Regression, Support Vector Regression. Regression trees: Decision tree,
random forest, K-Means, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Applications of classification and regression
algorithms in Mechanical Engineering.

Unit 4 Development of ML Model 07 Hrs.
Problem identification: classification, clustering, regression, ranking. Steps in ML modeling, Data
Collection, Data pre-processing, Model Selection, Model training (Training, Testing, K-fold Cross
Validation), Model evaluation (understanding and interpretation of confusion matrix, Accuracy,
Precision, Recall, True positive, false positive etc.), Hyper parameter Tuning, Predictions.
Unit 5 Reinforced and Deep Learning 08 Hrs.
Characteristics of reinforced learning; Algorithms: Value Based, Policy Based, Model Based;
Positive vs Negative Reinforced Learning; Models: Markov Decision Process, Q Learning.
Characteristics of Deep Learning, Artificial Neural Network, Convolution Neural Network.
Application of Reinforced and Deep Learning in Mechanical Engineering.
Unit 6 Applications 08 Hrs.
Human Machine Interaction, Predictive Maintenance and Health Management, Fault Detection,
Dynamic System Order Reduction, Image based part classification, Process Optimization, Material
Inspection, Tuning of control algorithms.

Books and other resources

Text Books:
1. Deisenroth, Faisal, Ong, Mathematics for Machine Learning, Cambridge University Press,
2020.
2. B Joshi, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Springer, 2020.
3. Parag Kulkarni and Prachi Joshi, “Artificial Intelligence – Building Intelligent Systems”,
PHI learning Pvt. Ltd., ISBN – 978-81-203-5046-5, 2015
4. Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig (1995), “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach,” Third
edition, Pearson, 2003.
References Books:
1. Solanki, Kumar, Nayyar, Emerging Trends and Applications of Machine Learning, IGI
Global, 2018.
2. Mohri, Rostamizdeh, Talwalkar, Foundations of Machine Learning, MIT Press, 2018.
3. Kumar, Zindani, Davim, Artificial Intelligence in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,
CRC Press, 2021.
4. Zsolt Nagy - Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Fundamentals-Apress (2018)
5. Artificial Intelligence by Elaine Rich, Kevin Knight and Nair, TMH

302050: Computer Aided Engineering

Unit 1 Elemental Properties 07 Hrs.
Introduction to Computer Aided Engineering (CAE), Use of CAE in Product development,
Discretization methods – Finite Element Method (FEM), Finite Difference Method (FDM) and
Finite Volume Method (FVM), CAE Tools- Pre-processor, Solver and Post-Processor.
Element Shapes – 1D, 2D and 3D elements, Nodal Unknowns and field variables, Coordinate
Systems, Shape Functions- linear, quadratic and cubic, Convergence Requirements of Shape
Functions, Derivation of Polynomial Shape Functions using coordinate systems for Bar, Beam,
Triangular, and rectangular elements.

Unit 2 Meshing Techniques 06 Hrs.
Discretization of a Structure, 1D, 2D and 3D element Meshing, Element selection criteria, Refining
Mesh, Effect of mesh density in critical region, Use of Symmetry.
Element Quality Criterion:-Jacobian, Aspect ratio, Warpage, Minimum and Maximum angles,
Average element size, Minimum Length, skewness, Tetra Collapse etc., Higher Order Element vs
Mesh Refinement, Geometry Associate Mesh, Mesh quality, Bolted and welded joints
representation, Mesh independent test.
Unit 3 1D Finite Element Analysis 08 Hrs.
Consistent Unit System, Introduction to approaches used in Finite Element Analysis ( FEA) such as
direct approach and energy approach
Bar and Truss Element - Element stiffness matrix, Assembling stiffness Equation, Load vector,
stress and reaction forces calculations.
Temperature effect on Bar Element- Calculation due to uniform temperature change, Stress and
reaction forces calculations.
Unit 4 2D Finite Element Analysis 08 Hrs.
Plane Stress-Strain, axi-symmetric problems in 2D elasticity.
Constant Strain Triangle (CST) - Element Stiffness matrix, Assembling stiffness equation, Load vector,
Stress and reaction forces calculations.
Post Processing Techniques – Check and validate accuracy of results, Average and Un-average
stresses, and special tricks for Post Processing. Interpretation of results and design modifications, CAE
reports.
Unit 5 Non-Linear and Dynamic Analysis 08 Hrs.
Non-Linear Analysis: Introduction to Nonlinear Problems, Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear
analysis, Types of Nonlinearities, Stress-strain measures for Nonlinear analysis, Analysis of
Geometric, Material Nonlinearity, Solution Techniques for Nonlinear analysis, Newton Raphson
Method, Essential steps in Nonlinear analysis.
Dynamic Analysis: Introduction to Dynamic Analysis, Comparison of Static and Dynamic analysis,
Time domain and frequency domain, Types of loading, Simple Harmonic motion, Free vibration,
Boundary conditions of free vibration, Solution.
Unit 6 Applications of Computer Aided Engineering 08 Hrs.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): Introduction, Three dimensions of Fluid Dynamics,
Equilibrium Equation for a fluid, Conservation form of Fluid flow equation, Integral form of the
Conservation Laws.
Injection moulding of Plastics: Simplification of Mould Geometry for FEA, Material Model for
Mould FEA, Boundary Conditions for Mould FEA, Loading of Mould in FEA, Results Analysis.
Simulation for Manufacturing Processes like Casting and Sheet Metal Applications:
Introduction and workflow of Casting Simulation Software and Sheet Metal Applications.
Durability Analysis: Durability, Reliability and Fatigue, FEA bases fatigue analysis viz: Stress-Life
approach (S-N method) and Strain-Life approach (E-N method).
Crash Analysis: Introduction, Explicit time integration schemes, implicit integration schemes.
Noise Vibration and Harshness (NVH) Analysis: NVH Concepts, Terminology, FEA for
structural Dynamics, FEA for Acoustics.

Books and other resources

Text Books:
1. Gokhale N. S., Deshpande S. S., Bedekar S. V. and Thite A. N., Practical Finite Element
Analysis, Finite to Infinite, Pune, 1st Edition, 2008.
2. S. S. Bhavikatti, Finite Element Analysis, New Age International Publishers, Third Edition,
2015.
3. Chandrupatla T. R. and Belegunda A. D., Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering,
Prentice Hall India, 2002.
4. G Lakshmi Narasaiah, Finite Element Analysis, BS Publications / BSP Books, 2nd
edition, 2020.
5. J. N. Reddy, An Introduction to the Finite Element Method, Mcgraw Hill Series in
Mechanical, 2005.
6. P. Seshu, Text book of Finite Element Analysis, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi,
10th Printing, 2012.
References Books:
1. K. J. Bathe, Finite Element Procedure, Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 1996.
2. Cook R. D., Finite Element Modeling for Stress Analysis, John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1995.
3. G.R. Liu S. S. Quek, The Finite Element Method- A Practical Course, Butterworth
Heinemann, 2013.
4. Fagan M. J., Finite Element Analysis Theory and Practice, Harlow Pearson/Prentice Hall,
2012.
5. S. Moaveni, Finite element analysis, theory and application with Ansys, Pearson, Third
Edition, 2011.
6. David V. Hutton, Fundamental of Finite Element Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2017.
7. Mukhopadhyay M and Sheikh A. H., Matrix and Finite Element Analyses of Structures, Ane
Books Pvt. Ltd., 2009
8. Daryl L. Logan, A First Course in the Finite Element Method, Fourth Edition, Thomson
Canada Limited, 2007.
9. O.C. Zienkiewicz, The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals, Sixth Edition,
Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005.

302051: Design of Transmission Systems

Unit 1 Spur and Helical Gears 07 Hrs.
Introduction to gears: Material selection for gears, Modes of gear tooth failure, Gear Lubrication
Methods.
Spur Gears: Number of teeth and face width, Force analysis, Beam strength (Lewis) equation,
Velocity factor, Service factor, Load concentration factor, Effective load on gear, Wear strength
(Buckingham’s) equation, Estimation of module based on beam and wear strength, Estimation of
dynamic tooth load by velocity factor and Buckingham’s equation.
AGMA (American Gear Manufacturing Association) approach of Gear design (Only mathematical
relations, no numerical)

Helical Gears: Force analysis of Helical Gear, Beam Strength of Helical Gear, Wear strength and
estimation of effective load based on Velocity factor (Barth factor) and Buckingham’s equation. (No
numerical on force analysis of helical)
Unit 2 Bevel and Worm Gear 08 Hrs.
Bevel Gears: Types of Bevel gears, Terminology, Virtual number of teeth, and force analysis of
Straight Bevel Gear. Design of Straight Bevel Gear based on Beam Strength, Wear strength and
estimation of effective load based on Velocity factor (Barth factor) and Buckingham’s equation.
(Simple numerical to be taken no design calculations)
Worm Gears: Worm and worm gear terminology and proportions of worm and worm gears, Force
analysis of worm gear drives, Friction in Worm gears, efficiency of worm gears, Worm and worm
gear material, Strength and wear ratings of worm gears (Bending stress factor, speed factor, surface
stress factor, zone factor) IS 1443-1974, Thermal consideration in worm gear drive.
(Simple numerical to be taken no design calculations)
Unit 3 Sliding and Rolling Contact Bearing 07 Hrs.
Sliding contact bearing (Theoretical treatment only): Introduction to sliding contact bearing,
classification, Reynolds’s equation (2D), Petroff’s equations, Sommerfeld number, Parameters of
bearing design.
Rolling Contact Bearings: Types of rolling contact Bearings and its selection, Static and dynamic
load carrying capacities, Stribeck’s Equation, Equivalent bearing load, Load-life relationship,
Selection of bearing life, Selection of rolling contact bearings from manufacturer's catalogue,
Design for cyclic loads, Types of failure in rolling contact bearings - causes and remedies. (Simple
Numerical treatment)
Unit 4 Design of Clutches and Brakes 07 Hrs.
Clutches: Introduction, Types of clutches, Material, Positive clutches, friction clutches, single plate,
multiple plate, Cone clutch, and centrifugal clutches, Application of friction clutches automotive and
industrial machinery sector. (Only Theoretical Treatment)
Brakes: Introduction, Types of brakes, Material, Design of band brake, external and internal shoe
breaks internal expanding shoe brakes, design of disc brakes. Application of brakes in automotive
and industrial machinery sector. (Only Theoretical Treatment)
Unit 5 Design of M/C Tool Gear Box 08 Hrs.
Introduction to Machine Tool Gearboxes, classification, basic considerations in design of drives and
its Applications, Determination of variable speed range, Graphical representation of speed and
structure diagram, Ray diagram, selection of optimum ray diagram, Kinematic /Gearing Diagram,
Deviation diagram, Difference between numbers of teeth of successive gears in a change gear box.
(Note: Full design problem to be restricted up to 2 Stages only & No design problem on
deviation diagram)
Unit 6 Transmission system in Hybrid Electric Vehicle 08 Hrs.
Introduction, Types of Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Basic Classification, Basic Modes of Operation,
Other Derivatives, Degree of Hybridization. Power Split Devices (PSD): Simple and EM compound
PSD, HEV Component Characteristics: The IC Engine, Electric Machines, Battery, HEV
Performance Analysis: Series HEV, Parallel HEV, HEV Component Sizing: General
Considerations, Sizing for Performance, Optimum Sizing, Power Management: Control Potential,
Control.

Books and other resources

Text Books:
1. Shigley J.E. and Mischke C.R., Mechanical Engineering Design, McGraw Hill Publication
Co. ltd.
2. Spotts M.F. and Shoup T.E., Design of Machine Elements, Prentice Hall International.
3. Bhandari V.B, Design of Machine Elements, Tata McGraw Hill Publication Co. Ltd.
4. Juvinal R.C, Fundamentals of Machine Components Design, John Wiley and Sons.
References Books:
1. Design Data - P.S.G. College of Technology, Coimbatore.
2. Vehicle Powertrain Systems by Behrooz Mashadi, David Crolla. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
3. Automobiles–Power trains and Automobiles–Dynamics by Crolla, David, A John Wiley
&Sons, Ltd
4. Automotive Engineering Powertrain, Chassis System and Vehicle Body by David A Crolla,
Elsevier B H New York, London, Oxford.
5. lack P.H. and O. Eugene Adams, Machine Design, McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc.
6. Willium C. Orthwein, Machine Components Design, West Publishing Co. and Jaico
Publications House.
7. P. Kannaiah, Design of Transmission systems‖, SCIETCH Publications Pvt Ltd.
8. C.S. Sharma and Kamlesh Purohit, Design of Machine Elements, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
9. D.K. Aggarwal& P.C. Sharma, Machine Design, S.K Kataria and Sons.
10. P. C. Gope, Machine Design: Fundamentals and Applications, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
11. Bhandari, V. B. Machine Design data book, Tata McGraw Hill Publication Co. Ltd.
12. K. Mahadevan, K. Balveera Reddy, Design Data Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, CBS
Publishers.