SIGNAL AND SYSTEMS
Total Credit- 04
Subject Code:- BEEE401T

UNIT I: Introduction to Signals and Systems (06 Hrs)
Signals and systems as seen in everyday life, and in various branches of engineering and science.
Signal properties: periodicity, absolute integrability, determinism and stochastic character. Some
special signals of importance: the unit step, the unit impulse, the sinusoid, the complex
exponential, some special time-limited signals; continuous and discrete time signals, continuous

and discrete amplitude signals. System properties: linearity: additively and homogeneity, shift-
invariance, causality, stability, realizability. Examples.

UNIT II: Behavior of continuous and discrete-time LTI systems (08 Hrs)
Impulse response and step response, convolution, input-output behavior with a periodic
convergent inputs, cascade interconnections. Characterization of causality and stability of LTI

systems. System representation through differential equations and difference equations. State-
space Representation of systems. State-Space Analysis, Multi-input, multi-output representation.

State Transition Matrix and its Role. Periodic inputs to an LTI system, the notion of a frequency
response and its relation to the impulse response.
UNIT III Convolution (04 Hrs)
Convolution Sum, Convolution Integral and Their Evaluation, Time Domain Representation and
Analysis of LTI Systems Based on Convolution and Differential Equations.

UNIT IV Time and Frequency Domain Transformations (17 Hrs)
Fourier series representation of periodic signals, Waveform Symmetries, Calculation of Fourier
Coefficients. Fourier Transform, convolution/multiplication and their effect in the frequency
domain, magnitude and phase response, Fourier domain duality. Review of the Laplace
Transform for continuous time signals and systems, system functions, poles and zeros of system
functions and signals, Laplace domain analysis, solution to differential equations and study of
system behavior, The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) and the Discrete Fourier
Transform (DFT). Parseval's Theorem. The z-Transform for discrete time signals and systems,
system functions, poles and zeros of systems and sequences, z-domain analysis.

UNIT V: Sampling and Reconstruction (07 Hrs)
The Sampling Theorem and its implications. Spectra of sampled signals. Reconstruction, ideal
interpolator, zero-order hold, first-order hold. Aliasing and its effects. Relation between
continuous and discrete time systems. Introduction to the applications of signal and system
theory, filtering, feedback control systems.

Text Books:
1. Oppenheim A.V., Willsky A.S. and Young I.T., “Signals and Systems”, Second Edition,
1997, Prentice Hall.
2. Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen, “Signals and Systems”, Second Edition, Wiley
International.
Reference Books:
1. R.F. Ziemer, W.H Tranter and J.D.R.Fannin, “Signals and Systems - Continuous and
Discrete”, Forth Edition Prentice Hall.
2. M. J. Roberts, “Signals and Systems”, 2003, Tata McGraw-Hill

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Total Credit- 04
Subject Code:- BEEE402T

UNIT I: Fundamentals of Digital Systems and Logic Families (07 Hrs)
Number systems-binary, signed binary, binary arithmetic, one’s and two’s complements
arithmetic, octal and hexadecimal number system , codes, error detecting and correcting codes,
Digital Signals, basic digital circuits, NAND and NOR operations, Exclusive – OR and
Exclusive NOR operations, Boolean algebra, Examples of IC gates, Digital logic families, TTL
and Schottkty TTL and CMOS logic, interfacing CMOS and TTL, Tri-State logic.
UNIT II: Combinational Digital Circuits (07 Hrs)
Standard representation for logic functions, K-map representation (up to 4 variables), and
simplification of logic functions using K-map, minimization of logical functions. Don’t care
conditions, Multiplexer, De-Multiplexer/Decoders, use in combinational logic design, Adders,
Subtractors, BCD arithmetic, carry, Arithmetic logic unit (ALU), popular MSI chips, digital
comparator, parity checker/generator, code converters, priority encoders, decoders/drivers for
display devices.
UNIT III: Sequential circuits and systems (07 Hrs)
A 1-bit memory, the circuit properties of Bi-stable latch, the clocked SR flip flop, J- K flip flop,
T and D types flip-flops, excitation table of flip flop, conversion of flip flops, applications of flip
flops, shift registers, applications of shift registers, serial to parallel converter, parallel to serial

converter, ring counter, sequence generator, ripple(Asynchronous) counters, synchronous
counters, counters design using flip flops, special counter IC’s, asynchronous sequential
counters, applications of counters.
UNIT IV: A/D and D/A Converters (07 Hrs):
Digital to analog converters: weighted resistor/converter, R-2R Ladder D/A converter,
specifications for D/A converters, examples of D/A converter lCs, sample and hold circuit.
Analog to digital converters: quantization and encoding, parallel comparator, A/D converter,
successive approximation A/D converter, counting A/D converter, dual slope A/D converter,
A/D converter using voltage to frequency and voltage to time conversion, specifications of A/D
converters, example of A/D converter ICs
UNIT V: Semiconductor memories (08 Hrs).
Memory organization and operation, expanding memory size, classification and characteristics of
memories, Types of Memory commonly used memory chips.
Programmable Logic Devices: ROM as Programmable logic devices (PLD), Programmable
logic array, Programmable array logic, complex Programmable logic devices (CPLDS), Field
Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
Text Books /References:
1. R. P. Jain, "Modern Digital Electronics", McGraw Hill Education, 2009.
2. M. M. Mano, "Digital logic and Computer design", Pearson Education India, 2016.
3. H.Taub, “Digital Integrated Electronics” McGraw Hill
4. A. Kumar, "Fundamentals of Digital Circuits", Prentice Hall India, 2016.
5. Herbert Taub, Donald LSchilling “Digital Integrated Electronics”, McGraw Hill, 1977
6. Thomas C Bartee, “Digital Computer Fundamentals”,McGraw Hill,1985.

ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I

Total Credit- 04
Subject Code:- BEEE403T

Unit-I Single Phase Transformer ( 12-Hrs)
Revision of Single Phase Transformer, Phasor Diagram Under Different Load Conditions,
Losses, Equivalent Circuit, Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test, Voltage Regulation, Efficiency,

Condition of Maximum Efficiency, All Day Efficiency, Polarity Test. Single phase Auto-
Transformer, Working, Merits and Demerits. Applications.

Three Phase Transformer: -Principle and Operation, Connection and Phasor Groups, Polarity
Test, Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test, Conditions of Parallel Operation.

Unit II D.C. Machines (08-Hrs)
Basic Principle and Operation of D.C. Motor and D.C. Generator, Emf Equation and Torque
equation, Types of D.C. Machines, Characteristics and Speed Control of D.C. Shunt and D.C.
Series Motor, Losses and Efficiency of D.C. Motor. Necessity of Starter and Constructional
Details of Three Point Starter. Armature Reaction in D. C. Machines. Applications.
Unit III Three Phase Induction Motor (08-Hrs)
Construction Details, Types, Principle, Production of Torque, Torque Equation and Condition of
Maximum and Starting Torque, Losses and Efficiency, Torque-Slip Characteristics, Behavior for
Different values of Slip. No Load Test and Blocked Rotor Test. Starting methods of Three Phase
Induction Motor. Applications.
Unit IV Synchronous Machines (08-Hrs)
Three Phase Synchronous Generator : -Introduction, Constructional features of Salient Pole
and Cylindrical Pole Rotor Machines, Introduction to Armature Winding and Field Winding,
Winding Factors and EMF Equation, Armature Reaction, Phasor Diagram Under Load
Condition, Regulation and Synchronous Impedance Method to Find Voltage Regulation.
Three Phase Synchronous Motor: - Construction and Principle, Starting of Synchronous
Motor, Motor on Load, Effect of Changing Field Excitation at Constant Load, V and Inverted-V
Curves.
Applications.
Unit V Single Phase Machines (07-Hrs)
Single Phase Induction Motor :-
Principle and Operation, Double Field Revolving Theory. Principle and Working of Shaded
Pole Induction Motor , Split Phase Induction Motor and Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Motor.
Applications.
Principle, Working And Applications Of Special Machines:-
Universal Motor, Hysteresis Motor, Brushless D. C. Motor, A.C. Series Motor.

TEXT BOOKS:-
1. I. J. Nagrath , D.P. Kothari, “Elecrtcal Machines,”, Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing
Company Ltd.
2. P.S.Bhimbra,”Electrical Machinery”, Khanna Publishers.
3. P.K. Mukherjee, S. Chakrabvorty, “ Electrical Machines”, Dhanpat Rai Publications.
4. P.S. Bhimbra , “Generalized Theory in Electrical Machines”, Khanna Publishers.
5. D C Kulshreshtha, “Basic Electrical Engineering,” The McGraw Hill Higher Education
Private Limited, New Delhi.

6. S.G.Tarnekar, P.P. Kharbanda, S.B.Bodkhe, S.D. Naik , “ Laboratory Courses in
Electrical Engineering,” S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Use of ICT Tools.

REFERENCE BOOKS :-
1. M.G.Say, “ Performance and Design of A.C. Machines,” CBS Publishers and
Distributors Pvt. Ltd.
2. A.F. Fitzgerlad, Charles Kingdey, Jr. Stephan D. Umans, “Electrical Machinery”,
Fifth Edition in SI Units, McGraw Hill Book Company.
3. D.P. Kothari, B.S.Umre, “Laboratory Manual for Electrical Machines,” Second
Edition , I.K. International Publishing House Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

Total Credit- 04
Subject Code:- BEEE405T

Unit I: Review of Vector Analysis: (08 Hrs)
Review of Scalars and vectors, Vector Algebra, Rectangular Co-ordinate System, Cylindrical
Co-ordinate System, Spherical Co-ordinate System and transformation of Cartesian to
Cylindrical, Cartesian to Spherical and vice versa.
Unit II: Coulomb’s law, Electrical field intensity and electric flux density, Gauss’s law,
Divergence: (08 Hrs)
Coulombs Law, Electric field intensity, field due to continuous volume charge distribution, field
of point charge, field of line charge, field of sheet charge, Electric Flux density, Gauss’s law and
Applications of Gauss’s law, the divergence theorem.
Unit III: Potential of charge system , Conductors, Dielectric, Capacitance and poison’s and
Laplace Equations: (07 Hrs)
Definition of potential difference and potential, the potential field of a point charge, the potential
field of a system of charges, potential gradient. Metallic conductors, conductor properties, the

nature of dielectric materials, boundary conditions for perfect dielectric materials, Capacitance of
parallel plate capacitor, capacitance of two wire line, Poisons and Laplace Equation.
Unit IV: The steady Magnetic Field and Magnetic forces: (08 Hrs)
Biot Savart’s law, Ampere’s Circuital law, Stoke’s theorem, magnetic flux density, scalar and
vector magnetic potentials. Force on moving charge, force between differential current elements,
nature of magnetic material, Magnetization and permeability, Inductance and mutual inductance.
Unit V: Boundary conditions, Maxwell’s equation and wave propagation: (08 Hrs)
Magnetic boundary conditions, Faraday’s law, Displacement current, Point form of Maxwell’s
equation, Integral form of Maxwell’s equations, Wave propagation, Poynting vector, skin effect.

Text books:
1. W.H. Hayt , “Engineering Electromagnetics” ,TMH Publication 2006

Reference books:
1. N.N.Rao Electromagnetic Engg. V Edition ,Prentice Hall. 2005
2. Fawwaz T.Ulaby Applied Electromagnetics, Prentice Hall. 1999
3. Krauss Electromagnetic Engg. IV Edition,Tata Mc Graw Hill. 2003
4. Shevgaonkar Electromagnetic Waves,Tata Mc Graw Hill 2002
5. Matthew, N. O. Sadiku Elements of Electromagnetics, Oxford University
publication, 6th edition, 2014.