Engineering Economics and Financial Management

Unit I: Construction Economics
Economics: definition, principles, importance in construction industry, assets, liabilities, balance sheet, numerical on preparation balance sheet, profit & loss account, difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics, basic economic problems along with case studies. Construction economics: structure of construction industry, economics of road and buildings, irrigation and power, ports and aviation.

Unit II: Introduction to Financial Management
Long- and short-term sources of finance, equity, debt government grants & alternative sources, numerical on calculation of leverage ratio, EBIT & dividend pay-out, financial market & instruments: money, market, secondary market, credit, bill & income security market; goal of financial management, key activities in financial management, role of financing institutes in construction sector: banking institutions, NBFc, housing finance institutions & others.

Unit III: Contract Costing 
Construction financial management, role of financial manager in construction financial management, meaning and features of contract costing, types of contract and contract costing procedure, Contract account: definition, format/specimen of contract account, treatment of various items in the contract account, methods of recording and reporting site accounts between project office and head office.

Unit IV: Capital Budgeting
Budget, types of budgets, master budgets, cost estimating and budgeting in civil engineering project, definition of capital budgeting, time value of money, simple and compound interest, numerical on computation of interest, rule of 72, process of capital budgeting, techniques of capital budgeting, economic decision making in construction project, depreciation, different methods to calculate depreciation and numerical on it, impact of depreciation in economic decision making.

Unit V: Working Capital
Meaning, types of working capital, components of working capital, operating cycle, factors affecting working capital requirement, working capital management, estimation of working capital, components of working capital in Construction Company, inventory management techniques and financing resources of working capital.

Unit VI: Taxation and Financial Regulatory Bodies 
Introduction to direct and indirect tax, GST, impact of GST on construction industry, tax exemption for contractors, property tax: types, methods of calculation & numerical on computation of property tax, tax deductions against income from property, corporate tax planning, financial regulatory bodies: role & functions, ICRA (Information and Credit Rating Agency of India), SEBI (Security and Exchange Board of India), IRDA (Insurance Regulatory & Development Authority) and RBI (Reserve Bank of India).

Advanced Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines

Unit I: Flow Over Notches and Weirs 
Classification of notches and weirs, flow over sharp crested rectangular weir/notch, Francis formula, ventilation of weirs, flow over triangular weir/notch, flow over trapezoidal weir/notch, Cipolletti weir, effect on discharge due to error in measurement of head, broad crested weir, submerged weir, proportional weir or sutro weir. Hydraulic Jump: Assumptions in the theory of hydraulic jump, application of momentum equation to hydraulic jump in rectangular channel: Conjugate depths and relations between conjugate depths. Energy dissipation in hydraulic jump, classification of hydraulic jump and its applications.

Unit II: Laminar Flow and Hydraulics for High Rise Buildings
Laminar flow between parallel plates: plates at rest, one plate moving and other at rest (Couette flow), laminar flow through porous media. Introduction of high-rise building, importance and significance of plumbing design, list of components in high rise plumbing, provisions for pressure, velocity and discharge as per uniform plumbing code-India (UPC-I), water supply fixture unit (WSFU) and peak water demand of plumbing fixtures, drainage fixture unit (DFU), maximum loads for horizontal fixture branches and building drains or sewers.

Unit III: Unsteady Flow 
Introduction to flow through sharp crested circular orifice under constant head, types of unsteady flow, flow through openings under varying head, fluid compressibility, celerity of elastic pressure wave through fluid medium. Water hammer phenomenon, rise of pressure due to water hammer, surge tanks and its function.

Unit IV: Impact of Free Jets 
Impulse momentum equation, force exerted by jet on stationary and moving flat plate (normal & inclined to the jet), flat plates mounted on periphery of a wheel, force exerted by jet on symmetrical stationary curved vane at centre, on unsymmetrical stationary curved vane tangentially at one of the tips. Force exerted by jet on symmetrical moving curved vane at the centre, symmetrical curved vanes mounted on periphery of a wheel, force exerted by jet on unsymmetrical moving curved vane tangentially at one of the tips, torque exerted on a wheel with radial curved vanes.

Unit V: Hydraulic Turbines 
Elements of hydroelectric power plants, heads and efficiencies and classification of turbines Pelton wheel turbine: component parts and its working, work done and efficiencies, working proportions, design, multiple jet Pelton wheel (introduction). Francis turbine: component parts and its working, work done and efficiencies, working proportions, design, draft tube theory, cavitation in hydraulic turbines, governing of turbines. Performance of turbine, prediction of performance in terms of unit quantities and specific quantities, specific speed, characteristic curves, model testing of turbines, selection of turbines.

Unit VI: Centrifugal Pumps 
Component parts, working, types of centrifugal pumps, work done by impeller, head of pump, losses and efficiencies, minimum starting speed, loss of head due to increased or reduced flow, diameters of impeller and pipes, pumps in series and parallel, suction lift, net positive suction head, cavitation in centrifugal pump, introduction to submersible pumps. Performance centrifugal pump: characteristic curves, specific speed, model testing.

Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering

Unit I: Introduction to Hydrology
Introduction: Hydrological cycle, applications of hydrology, brief introduction of government organizations like IMD, CWPRS, MERI, CDO, Hydrology Project Division, NIH, CWC. Precipitation: Types & forms of precipitation, precipitation measurement, rain gauge network, introduction to real time data transmission weather station and climate change. Consistency test, presentation of rainfall data, mass rainfall curves, hyetograph, point rainfall, mean precipitation over an area, arithmetic mean method, Thiessen’s polygon, isohyetel method, concepts of depth-area-duration analysis, frequency analysis, frequency of point rainfall, intensity-duration curves, maximum intensity-duration. Abstractions of precipitation: interception, depression storage, evaporation- elementary concepts, factors affecting,
measurement of evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, modified Penman method,- process and measurement, infiltration: introduction, infiltration capacity, infiltrometer, Horton’s method and infiltration indices.

Unit II: Run Off 
Introduction, factors affecting runoff, rainfall-runoff relationships and empirical techniques to determine runoff, Runoff hydrograph: Introduction, factors affecting flood hydrograph, components of hydrograph, base flow separation, effective rainfall, unit hydrograph theory, S-curve hydrograph, uses and limitations of unit hydrograph, synthetic hydrograph (no numerical on synthetic hydrograph). Stream gauging: selection of site, discharge measurement by velocity-area method, introduction to advance techniques/equipment used in gauge discharge measurements such as radar, current meter, ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler).

Unit III: Floods
Floods: Estimation of peak flow, rational formula and other methods, flood frequency analysis, design floods, brief introduction of hydrologic design of culverts and bridges. Hydrologic flood routing: Muskingum method, Q-GIS software application in hydrology (watershed delineation).

Unit IV: Reservoir Planning
Introduction, term related to reservoir planning (yield, reservoir planning and operation curves, reservoir storage, reservoir clearance), investigation for reservoir planning, significance of mass curve and demand curves, applications of mass curve and demand curves, fixation of reservoir capacity from annual inflow and outflow, fixation of reservoir capacity using elevation capacity curve and dependable yield, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation- Phenomenon, measures to control reservoir sedimentation, density currents Significance of trap efficiency, useful life of reservoir, costs of reservoir, apportionment of total cost, use of facilities method, equal apportionment method, alternative justifiable expenditure method. (no numerical on cost-economics).

Unit V: Ground Water Hydrology
Occurrence and distribution of ground water, specific yield of aquifers, movement of ground water, Darcy’s law, permeability, safe yield of basin, hydraulics of wells under steady flow condition in confined and unconfined aquifers, specific capacity of well, tube wells, open wells and their construction. Water logging and Drainage: Causes of water logging, effects of water logging, preventive and curative measures of water logging, land drainage, reclamation of water logged areas, alkaline and saline lands (no derivation of on spacing of drains), Water Management: Distribution, warabandi, rotational water supply system, participatory irrigation management, co-operative water distribution systems.

Unit VI: Introduction to Irrigation
Definition, functions, advantages and necessity, methods of irrigation, surface irrigation, subsurface irrigation, micro-irrigation, Water requirements of crops: Soil moisture and crop water relationship, consumptive use of water, principal Indian crops, crop seasons, crop water requirement: crop planning, agricultural practices, calculations of canal and reservoir capacities – duty, delta, irrigation efficiency, Piped distribution network for irrigation (PDN), Introduction, advantages and disadvantages of PDN over conventional canal distribution network and its application. Assessment of canal revenue: Various methods (area basis or crop rate basis, volumetric basis, seasonal basis, composite rate basis, permanent basis or betterment levy basis).

Water Supply Engineering

Unit I: Basics of Water Supply Engineering
Introduction to water supply scheme: importance of water infra structure and introduction to water infrastructure in India, data collection required for implementing water supply schemes, components and layouts. Design periods, factors affecting design periods. Quantity: rate of water consumption for various purposes like domestic, industrial, institutional, commercial, fire demand and water system losses, factors affecting rate of demand, population forecasting, including numerical. Quality: physical, chemical, radioactivity and bacteriological characteristics, heavy metals. Standards as per IS 10500-2012.

Unit II: Principles of Water Treatment
Water treatment: principles of water treatment operations and processes, water treatment flow sheets with respect to various sources, criteria for site selection for WTP. Aeration: principle and concept, necessity, methods, removal of taste and odour, design of aeration fountain. Sedimentation: plain and chemical assisted, principle, efficiency of an ideal settling basin, types of sedimentation, settling velocity, types of sedimentation tanks, design of plain sedimentation tank, introduction and design of tube settlers.

Unit III: Design of Water Treatment Plant 
Coagulation and flocculation: necessity of coagulation, principle of coagulation, common coagulants alum and ferric salts, introduction to other coagulant aids like bentonite clay, lime stone, silicates and polyelectrolytes etc, introduction to natural coagulants, concept of mean velocity gradient and power consumption, design of flocculation chamber, design of clari-flocculator. Filtration: theory of filtration, mechanism of filtration, filter materials, types: rapid, gravity, pressure filter, multimedia and dual media filters, components, under-drainage system, working and cleaning of filters, operational troubles, design of rapid sand gravity
filters.

Unit IV: Introduction to Advanced Water Treatment Methods 
Disinfection: mechanism, factors affecting disinfection, types of disinfectants, types and methods of chlorination, break point chlorination, bleaching powder estimation. Water softening methods and demineralization: lime-soda, ion-exchange, R. O. and electrodialysis, fluoridation and defluoridation, introduction to advanced water treatment systems (nano technology), introduction to desalination and various methods of desalination.

Unit V: Water Distribution System, Rain Water Harvesting and GIS
Water distribution system: system of water supply: continuous and intermittent system, different distribution systems and their components, ESR: design of ESR capacity, wastage and leakage of water: detection and prevention. Rainwater harvesting: introduction, need, methods and components of domestic rainwater harvesting system. Design of roof top rainwater harvesting system, use of GIS and drone technology in water management: source, treatment and distribution.

Unit VI: Water Treatment Plant for Infrastructure 
Introduction to Packaged WTP in townships, large commercial buildings, educational institutes, necessity (on-site water treatment), WTP for swimming pools, Building plumbing: introduction to various types of home plumbing systems for water supply and waste water disposal, high rise building plumbing, pressure reducing valves, break pressure tanks, storage tanks, building drainage for high rise buildings, various kinds of fixtures and fittings used for water saving such as water saving aerators, Government of India initiatives such as SMART city mission and AMRUT mission for improvement of infrastructure sector, service level
benchmarks in urban infrastructure and introduction to Jal Jeevan Mission and its implication in rural India.

Research Methodology and IPR

Unit I: Introduction to Research 
Introduction, meaning of research, objectives of research, types of research, research approaches, significance of research, research methods versus methodology, research and scientific method, research process, criteria of good research, problems encountered in India for good research, formulation of research hypotheses, search for causation, format for research proposal, funding for the proposal, different funding agencies, and framework for the planning.

Unit II: Literature Survey
Definition of literature and literature survey, significance of literature survey, sources of literature, elements and objectives of literature survey, styles of literature survey, strategies of literature survey, searching the existing literature, reviewing the selected literature, writing about the literature reviewed and gap identified. Techniques to frame the objectives and define the problem statement.

Unit III: Data Collection and Preliminary Data Analysis
Classification of research data, benefits and drawbacks of research data, collection of primary data, collection of secondary data, selection of appropriate method for data collection, evaluation of data, any case study method. Testing of hypothesis- concepts and testing, review of theory of reliability, hazard models, system reliability. data presentation skills, features of statistical analysis, histogram, bar charts, Pie charts, 2D & 3D plots, interpolation & extrapolation techniques, curve fitting.

Unit IV: Interpretation and Report Writing 
Meaning of interpretation, need of interpretation, technique of interpretation, precaution in interpretation, significance of report writing, different steps in writing report, layout of the research report, types of reports, mechanics of writing a research report, precautions for writing research reports, plagiarism, research ethics, tools for technical writing and presentation, conclusions.

Unit V: Intellectual Property Rights
Introduction and significance of intellectual property rights, types of intellectual property rights, copyright and its significance, introduction to patents and its filing, introduction to patent drafting, best practices in national and international patent filing, copyrightable work examples. Initiatives of government and private organization to promote research activities in education sector.

Unit VI: Patent Rights 
Patents and its basics, patentable items, designs, process of filing patent at national and international level, process of patenting and development, technological research and patents, innovation, patent and copyright international intellectual property, procedure for grants of patents, need of specifications, types of patent applications, provisional and complete specification, patent specifications and its contents, trade and copyright.

Construction Management

Unit I: Overview of Construction Sector
Role of construction industry in infrastructure development, components of infrastructure sector, construction industry nature, characteristics, size, structure, role in economic development, construction management: necessity, applications, project management consultants: role, types, selection and appointment process, project overruns and means to combat them, project monitoring and reporting systems, managerial correspondence and communications, generation and identification of project investment opportunities.

Unit II: Construction Scheduling, Work Study and BIM 
Construction project scheduling: definition, objectives factors affecting scheduling, work breakdown structure, project work break down levels, line of balance technique, project monitoring controlling, and introduction to building information modeling (BIM) based on software. Work study (time and motion study): definition, objectives, process of method study, symbols, multiple activity charts, two handed process chart, string diagram.

Unit III: Labour Laws and Financial Aspects of Construction Project 
Need and importance of labour laws, study of some important labour laws associated with construction sector, workman's compensation act 1923, building and other construction workers act 1996, child labour act, interstate migrant workers act, the minimum wages act 1948. Capital investments: importance and difficulties, means of finance, working capital requirements, project cash flow projections and statements, project balance sheet, profit loss account statements.

Unit IV: Risk Management and Value Engineering
Risk Management: introduction, principles, steps in risk management, risk in construction, origin, use of mathematical models: sensitivity analysis, break even analysis, simulation analysis (examples), decision tree analysis, risk identification, mitigation of project risks, role of insurance in risk management and case study on risk management. Value Engineering: meaning of value, types of value, value analysis, value engineering and its application, energy cost escalation and its impact on infrastructure project.

Unit V: Material Management 
Material: introduction, need, objectives and functions and scope of material management, integrated concept of material management, material management organization, various phases of material flow system, application of each phase, role of material manager, role of material management in construction management and its linkage with other functional areas, inventory control methods, EOQ Model, stores management and control, break even analysis, concept of logistics and supply chain management, role of ERP in material management and material resource information systems.

Unit VI: Human Resource Management
Human resource: introduction, nature and scope of human resource management, human resource in construction sector, staffing policy and patterns, human resource management process, human resource development process, recruitment & selection, performance evaluation and appraisal, training & development, succession planning, compensation and benefits, career planning, human resources information systems, HR data and analytics, role of ERP in human resource management and human resource information system.
Introduction to artificial intelligence technique, basic terminologies and applications in civil engineering: artificial neural network, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm.

Advanced Concrete Technology

Unit I: Cement and Concrete
Types of cements, Bogue’s compounds, structure of a hydrated cement paste, volume of hydrated product, porosity of cement paste, interfacial transition zone in concrete (ITZ), influence of ITZ on properties of concrete, types of elastic moduli, factors affecting elastic modulus of concrete.

Unit II: Supplementary Cementitious Materials 

Fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, rice husk ash, metakaolin, industrial waste or by-products, chemical composition and classification, effect on hydration process of portland cement, effect on workability of concrete, effect on the properties of hardened concrete, effect on durability of concrete.

Unit III: Chemical Admixtures
Classification of admixtures, chemistry and mechanism, effect of admixtures on plastic properties and hardened properties of concrete, applications, specialty admixtures - viscosity modifying admixtures, corrosion-inhibiting admixtures, shrinkage-reducing admixtures.

Unit IV: Fiber Reinforced Concrete 
Types of fibers, matrix, stress transfer mechanism, steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) – types of steel fibers, balling effect, effect on properties of hardened concrete, applications, slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON) - fresh and hardened properties of SIFCON, applications, synthetic fiber reinforced concrete – types of synthetic fibers, properties of fibers, effect of fibers on properties of concrete, applications.

Unit V: Durability of Concrete 
Plastic shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage, mitigation strategies, transport properties of concrete, permeability, corrosion, chloride penetration, carbonation, sulphate attack and acid attack.

Unit VI: Testing of Concrete 
Ultrasonic pulse velocity method: theory of pulse propagation through concrete, interpretation of results, corrosion: half-cell potential measurement, electrical resistivity method, permeability and absorption tests, concrete cores – core location and size, drilling, testing and interpretation of results, in-situ load testing.

Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis

Unit I: Analysis of Trusses and Bars by Flexibility Method 
Review of degree of static indeterminacy for bars and trusses, basic concept of flexibility, flexibility coefficients, selection of redundant, generation of flexibility matrix, analysis of bars and spring assembly and trusses involving not more than two unknowns.

Unit II: Analysis of Beams and Rigid Joined Frame by Flexibility Method
Review of degree of static indeterminacy for beams and frame, selection of redundant, generation of flexibility matrix, analysis of beams and simple portal frames involving not more than two unknowns.

Unit III: Analysis of Trusses and Bars by Stiffness Method 
Review of degrees of freedom for bars and trusses, basic concept of stiffness, stiffness coefficients, local and global coordinate systems, generation of member stiffness matrix for an axially loaded bar members, formation of overall stiffness matrix, analysis of axially loaded bars, springs by member approach not involving more than three unknowns. Formation of the member stiffness matrices of a truss member considering two degrees of freedom at each node, formation of overall stiffness matrix, analysis of trusses by member approach involving not more than three unknowns.

Unit IV: Analysis of Beams and Rigid Joined Frame by Stiffness Method 
Review of degrees of freedom for beam and rigid jointed frames, generation of member stiffness matrix for beam, formation of overall stiffness matrix, load vector, analysis of beams by member approach up to maximum three unknown. Generation of local member stiffness matrix for frame, concept of transformation matrix, formation of transformation matrix for frame member, formation of global member stiffness matrix, analysis of frame by member approach up to maximum three unknown.

Unit V: Analysis of Grid by Stiffness Method 
Review of degrees of freedom for grid member, stiffness matrix method using structure approach for analysis of orthogonal grid structure, member approach: generation of local member stiffness matrix for grid and derivation of transformation matrix for grid member, problems involving not more than three unknowns by structure approach.

Unit VI: 3-D Skeletal Structures and Flowchart for Stiffness Method 
Review of degrees of freedom for space truss and frame, local member stiffness matrix, transformation matrix for space truss member, formation of local member stiffness matrix of space frame element, computer algorithm and flowcharts for generating the element/member, transformation and global/structure stiffness matrices for bars, plane truss, plane frame and grid.

Advanced Mechanics of Structures

Unit I: Slope-Deflection by Moment Area and Conjugate Beam Methods
Moment area method: basic concept, M/EI diagram, slope and deflection of cantilever subjected to moment, point load and uniformly distributed load. Conjugate beam method: basic concept, slope and deflection of beams subjected to moment, point load and uniformly distributed load.

Unit II: Thin and Thick Cylinders
Thin cylinders: basic concept, circumferential, longitudinal and shear stresses, circumferential, longitudinal and volumetric strain, effect of compressible and non
compressible fluid injected under pressure. Thick cylinders: basic concept, thick cylinder subjected to internal and external pressure, derivation of Lame’s equation for radial and circumferential stresses, representation of radial and circumferential stresses.

Unit III: Influence Line Diagrams 
Influence line diagram for beams: introduction, influence line diagram for reaction, shear and moment for simple beam, influence line diagram for girder and compound beam and application of influence line diagram. Influence line diagram for trusses: bridge floor system, influence line diagram for truss reaction, member forces, determination of maximum forces and influence line diagram for non parallel chord members.

Unit IV: Rolling Loads
Introduction, maximum shear force and bending moment at any section of beam subjected to uniformly distributed and two point load. Maximum end shear force, shear force at section, bending moment at section and absolute maximum moment, equivalent uniformly distributed load.

Unit V: Beams Curved in Plan and Elevation
Beams curved in plan: Introduction, circular beam loaded with uniformly and supported on symmetrically placed column, simply supported semi circular beam supported on three supported equally spaced, quarter circle beam fixed at one end and free at other end carrying point load at free end. Beams curved in elevation: Introduction, assumptions, expression for flexural stresses in curved beam/ Winkler-Bach theory, different cross section for curved beam.

Unit VI: Three and Two Hinged Arches
Three hinged arches: basic concept, linear arch, bending moment: Eddy’s theorem, analysis of three hinged circular and parabolic arch subjected to uniformly distributed, Influence line diagram for axial thrust, shear and moment of three hinge arches. Two hinged arches: basic concept, analysis of two hinged circular and parabolic arch subjected to uniformly distributed and point loads respectively considering supports at same level.