Electrical Machines-II

Unit - 1 Three phase Synchronous machines

Three phase Synchronous machines:
Construction, rotating-field type and rotating-armature type, salient-pole and non-salient-pole type and their comparison. Excitation Methods.
Three phase Synchronous generator (cylindrical rotor type): Principle of operation. Emf equation and winding factors (No derivation), rating of generator. Generator on no-load and on balanced load. Armature reaction and its effect under different load power factors. Voltage drop due to armature resistance, leakage flux and synchronous reactance. Per phase equivalent circuit and Phasor diagram. Power - power angle relation.
Three phase Synchronous generator (salient pole type):
Armature reaction as per Blondel’s two reaction theory for salient-pole machines, Direct-axis and quadrature-axis synchronous reactance’s and their determination by slip test. Phasor diagram of salient-pole generator and calculation of voltage regulation.

Unit - 2 Voltage regulation of Three phase Synchronous generator

Performance of open circuit and short circuit test on synchronous generator, determination of voltage regulation by emf, mmf, and Potier triangle methods. Determination of voltage regulation by direct loading. Short circuit ratio.
Parallel operation of 3-phase alternators:
Necessity, conditions, Load sharing between two alternators in parallel (Descriptive treatment only). Process of synchronizing alternator with infinite bus-bar by lamp method (one dark & two equally bright lamp method) and by the use of synchroscope, Synchronizing current, power and torque (no numerical).

Unit - 3 Three phase synchronous motor

Principle of operation. Methods of starting. Equivalent circuit, significance of torque angle, Losses, efficiency and Power flow chart. Operation of 3-phase Synchronous motor with constant load and variable excitation (‘V’ curves and ‘inverted V’ curves). Phenomenon of hunting and its remedies. Applications of 3-phase synchronous motors. Comparison of 3 phase synchronous motor with 3-phase induction motor.

Unit - 4 3-ph induction motor, Induction generator and special purpose motors 

Speed control of three phase induction motor by various methods (Stator side and rotor side controls). Action of 3-phase induction motor as induction generator, applications of induction generator. Introduction to Energy Efficient three phase Induction Motor and Super Conducting Generator.
Special Purpose Motors : Construction, principle of working, characteristics, ratings and applications of Brush less D.C. motors, Stepper motors (permanent magnet and variable reluctance type only), Permanent Magnet motor (A.C. & D.C.).

Unit - 5 A.C. series motor

Operation of D.C. series motor on a.c. supply, nature of torque developed, problems associated with AC. operation and remedies.
Compensated series motor: Compensating winding, conductively and inductively compensated motor. Approximate phasor diagram. Use of compoles for improving commutation. Ratings and applications of Compensated Series motors.
Universal motors: Ratings, performance and applications, comparison of their performance on A.C. and D.C. supply.

Unit - 6 Single phase induction motor

Construction of single phase induction motor, double field revolving theory. Equivalent circuit and torque-slip characteristics on the basis of double revolving field theory. Tests to determine the parameters of equivalent circuit and calculation of performance characteristics of motor. Methods of self-starting. Types of single phase induction motors: Split-phase motors (Resistor split-phase motor, Capacitor-start motor, Capacitor start and capacitor run motor and permanent capacitor motor). Comparison of 1-phase induction motor with 3-phase induction motor.

Power Electronics

Unit 01: Power Semi-Conductor Devices 
Construction, Static and dynamic Characteristics, specifications/rating of SCR , Triggering Circuits (R, R-C, UJT), Commutation Circuits (class C & D), Protection (over voltage, over current, and Thermal), Gate Turn Off (GTO) Thyristor (Construction, Working and Application), TRIAC- four mode operation, triggering of TRIAC using DIAC, Application-light dimmer.

Unit 02: Transistor based Devices and DC-DC converter 
Transistor based Devices: MOSFET & IGBT- Construction, working, Static and Dynamic Characteristics DC-DC converter: Principle of operation of chopper, classification on the basis of operating quadrants (A, B, C, D, E), Control techniques: CLC, TRC, PWM and FM Techniques. Analysis of Step-up Chopper and Numerical with RLE load. Buck Boost Chopper (Descriptive Treatment), Applications- Chargers for Battery operated vehicles.

Unit 03: Single Phase AC-DC Converter 
Single phase Converter: Fully controlled converter, Half controlled converter (Semi- converter)-Operation of all converters with R & RL load, derivation of Average and RMS output voltage, power factor, THD, TUF. Numerical based on output voltage and current calculations, Single phase dual converter (Descriptive treatment only), Application-Speed control of DC motor.

Unit 04: Three Phase Converter and AC Voltage Regulator 
Three phase converters: Fully controlled converter, Half controlled converter (Semi converter)-Operation of all converters with R, RL load, derivation of Average and RMS output voltage. Numerical based on output voltage and current calculations. AC voltage regulator: Single phase AC Voltage regulator; operation with R and RL Load, derivation of Average and RMS output voltage. Concept of two stage AC voltage regulator (Descriptive treatment only).

Unit 05: Single phase DC-AC Converter (Transistor based) 
Full bridge VSI, derivation of output voltage and current, Numerical, current source inverter with ideal switches and load commutated CSI, Voltage control techniques, Application- UPS.

Unit 06: Three phase DC-AC Converter (Transistor based) 
Three phase VSI for 1200 and 1800 modes of operation and their comparison, PWM based VSI, voltage control and harmonic elimination techniques (Single Pulse Modulation, Multilevel Control), Multilevel Converter concept its classification (Neutral Point Clamped Converter, Flying Capacitor Converter, cascaded multilevel converter) and their comparison, Application- Speed control of 3 phase Induction motor.

Industrial and Technology Management

Unit 01: Introduction to Management and Economics
A) Management: Meaning, scope, function, and importance of management. Difference between administration and management.
B) Industrial Economics: Definition of economics, Demand and Supply concept, Demand Analysis. Types of Demand, Determinants of Demand, Law of demand and supply, Elasticity of demand and supply, Law of Diminishing Marginal utility, Demand forecasting: Meaning and methods.
C) Business Organizations: Line organization, Staff organization and Functional Organization, (Project, Matrix, Committee Organization.)
D) Business Ownership and its Types: Types of business ownership, Sole proprietorship, Partnership (Act 1934), LLP (Limited Liability Partnership) (Act 2008). One person company, Joint Stock Company: Public Limited and Private Limited, Public Sector Undertaking (PSU).

Unit 02: Technology Management 
A) Technology Management: Definition of technology Management and its relation with society, development, application and its scope.
B) Classification of Technology Management: Classification of technology management at various levels- its importance on National Economy, Ethics in technology management, Critical factors in technology management.

Unit 03: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) & Human Resource Management (HRM)

A) Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): Meaning of IPR, Different forms of IPR, Patents, Criteria for securing Patents. Patent format and structure, Copy rights and trademark (Descriptive treatment only).
B) Human Resource Management: Introduction, importance, scope, HR planning, Recruitment, selection, training and development, Performance management.

Unit 04: Quality Management 
A) Quality Management: Definition of quality, continuous improvement, Types of quality, Quality of design, Seven QC Tools, Poka Yoke (Mistake Proofing), Quality circles, Kaizen. TQM, 5S (Case study of Toyota, descriptive treatment). Six-Sigma.
Basic software used for inventory management and quality management like Zoho inventory, Oracal, Netsuite, Vyapar, Quick book commerce.
B) Quality Management Standards (Introductory aspects only):- The ISO9001:2000 Quality Management System Standard-The ISO14001:2004, ISO26000, ISO 10004:2012, ISO 9001:2012 ISO 9001:2016, Environmental Management System Standard.

Unit 05: Marketing and Financial Management
A) Marketing Management: Meaning of Market, Marketing strategy, motives, market characteristics and its types, Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic completion and Oligopoly. New product development, Product life cycle, Marketing and selling, methods of selling, marketing planning. Market survey and market research, Online Marketing (Digital Marketing).
B) Financial Management: Definition of financial management, cost Concept, Types of costs (Fixed, Variable, average, marginal, and total cost) and methods of costing price, capital. Debit, credit, Profit and loss statement, Balance sheet, Depreciation Analysis, causes and significance, methods of calculation of depreciation, Taxation system, and type of taxes.

Unit 06: Motivational Theory and Entrepreneurship
A) Motivation: Introduction to Motivation, theories of work motivation, Content Theories: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two factor theory, McClelland’s Three Needs Theory, McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y.
Process Theories: Adam’s Equity Theory, Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, Taylor’s Motivation Theory

B) Leadership: Importance of Leadership, Types of Leadership: Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership, qualities of good Leader. Group dynamics: Types and interactions of groups, stages of group dynamics: Norming, Storming, Forming, Performing and Adjourning.
C) Entrepreneurship: Importance and limitations of rational decision making, Decision making under certainty, uncertainty and risk. Incentives for small business development, Government policies and incentives, Case study on Small scale industries in India.

Digital Signal Processing

Unit - 1 Discrete time signal and system
Analog, Discrete-time and Digital signals, Basic sequences and sequence operations, Discrete time systems, Properties of D. T. Systems and Classification, Linear Time Invariant Systems, impulse response, linear convolution and its properties, properties of LTI systems: stability, causality, Periodic Sampling, Sampling Theorem, Frequency Domain representation of sampling, reconstruction of a band limited Signal, A to D Conversion Process: Sampling, quantization and encoding.

Unit - 2 Z and Inverse Z transform 
Revision of Z-transform, Numerical of Z transform, Inverse Z transform using partial fraction and power series method, Linear constant coefficient difference equations, solution of difference equation, stability and causality using ROC of Z-transform.

Unit - 3 Discrete Time Fourier Transform
Representation of Sequences by Fourier Transform, Symmetry properties of D. T., F. T. theorems: Linearity, time shifting, frequency shifting, time reversal, differentiation, convolution theorem, Frequency response analysis of first and second order system, steady state and transient response.

Unit - 4 Discrete Fourier Transform
Sampling in frequency domain, The Discrete Fourier Transform, Relation with z transform Properties of DFT: Linearity, circular shift, duality, symmetry, Circular Convolution, Linear Convolution using DFT, Effective computation of DFT and FFT, DIT FFT, DIF FFT.

Unit - 5 Design of IIR filter
Ideal frequency selective filters, Concept of filtering, specifications of filter, IIR filter design from continuous time filters: Characteristics of Butterworth and Chebyshev, impulse invariant and bilinear transformation techniques, Design examples (Butterworth low pass filter) , Basic structures for IIR Systems: direct form, cascade form.

Unit - 6 Design of FIR Filter and DSP Applications 
A) Specifications of properties of commonly used windows, Design Examples using rectangular and hanning windows. Basic Structures for FIR Systems: direct form. Comparison of IIR and FIR Filters.
B) Applications: Measurement of magnitude and phase of voltage, current, power, frequency and power factor correction, harmonic Analysis and measurement, applications to machine control, DSP based protective relaying.

Advanced Microcontroller and Embedded System

Unit 01: PIC Architecture and Embedded C 
Comparison of CISC and RISC Architectures, Data and Program memory organization, Program Counters, Stack pointer, Bank Select Register, Status register, Embedded C concepts, Header and source files and pre-processor directives, Data types, data structures, Control loops, functions, bit operations.

Unit 02: Port and Timer 0 Programming 
I/O Ports and related SFRs, I/O port programming in C. PIC 18 Timer 0 Programming in C. Delay programming (with and without Timer0). LED Interfacing and its programming.

Unit 03: CCP Module and its applications
CCP module in PIC 18 microcontroller, Timers required for CCP Applications, Applications of CCP mode Generation of Square waveform using Compare mode of CCP module. Period measurement of unknown signal using Capture mode in CCP module, Speed control of DC motor using PWM mode of CCP module.

Unit 04: Interrupt structure and its Programming
Interrupt Programming, Programming of Timer0 interrupts, Programming of External interrupts INT0.

Unit 05: ADC structure and LCD interfacing
PIC ADC, Programming of ADC using interrupts, Measurement of temperature and Power. Using PIC microcontroller. Interfacing of LCD (16x2) in 4 bit mode.

Unit 06: Serial Communication and its protocols
Serial Communication structure and its programming (Data transmit and Receive), Introduction to Communication protocols as SPI and MODE BUS.