ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Unit –I: Basics of organic chemistry: Electronic Displacements: Inductive, electromeric, resonance and mesomeric effects, hyperconjugation and their applications; Dipole moment; Organic acids and bases; their relative strength. Homolytic and heterolytic fission with suitable examples. Curly arrow rules; Electrophiles and
Nucleophiles; Nucleophilicity and basicity; Types, shape and relative stability of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals and carbenes. Introduction to types of organic reactions and their mechanism: Addition, Elimination and Substitution reactions. Carbon-carbon sigma bonds Chemistry of alkanes: Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz-Fittig Reactions, Free radical substitutions: Halogenation -relative reactivity and selectivity.

Unit – II: Stereochemistry Fischer Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae; Geometrical isomerism: cis–trans and, syn-anti isomerism, E/Z notations with C.I.P rules. Optical Isomerism: Optical Activity, Specific Rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with one and two chiral-centres, Distereoisomers, meso-structures, Racemic mixture and resolution, inversion. Relative and absolute configuration: D/L and R/S designations.

Unit – III: Chemistry of aliphatic hydrocarbons Carbon-Carbon pi bonds: Formation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions, Mechanism of E1, E2, E1cb reactions. Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations. Reactions of alkenes: Electrophilic additions their mechanisms (Markownikoff/ Anti Markownikoff addition), mechanism of oxymercuration- demercuration, hydroboration oxidation, ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical), syn and anti-hydroxylation (oxidation). 1,2- and 1,4-addition reactions in conjugated dienes and, Diels-Alder reaction; Reactions of alkynes: Acidity, Electrophilic and Nucleophilic additions. Hydration to form carbonyl compounds, Alkylation of terminal alkynes. Cycloalkanes and Conformational Analysis Types of cycloalkanes and their relative stability, Baeyer strain theory, Conformational analysis of alkanes (ethane and n-butane): Relative stability with energy diagrams. Energy diagrams of cyclohexane: Chair, Boat and Twist boat forms.

Unit – IV: Aromatic hydrocarbons Aromaticity: Hückel’s rule, aromatic character of arenes, cyclic carbocations/ carbanions and heterocyclic compounds with suitable examples. Electrophilic aromatic substitution: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel-Craft’s alkylation/acylation with their mechanism. Directing effects of the groups

Recommended Text Books:
1. Morrison, R. N. & Boyd, R. N., Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
2. Bhal and Bhal, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, S. Chand Publisher, 2012.
3. Kalsi, P. S., Stereochemistry Conformation and Mechanism; 8thEdn, New Age International, 2015.

Reference Books:
1. Graham Solomons T. W., Fryhle, Craig B., Snyder Scott A, Organic Chemistry, Wiley Student Ed, 11th Edition (2013)
2. Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren, Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Oxford Publisher, 2014.
3. Dhawan, S.N., Pradeep’s Organic Chemistry, (Vol. I and II), Pradeep Publications